Effect of high content nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds prepared via melt extrusion additive manufacturing on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells
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2022-06
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Abstract
The field of bone tissue engineering seeks to mimic the bone extracellular matrix composition, balancing the organic and inorganic components. In this regard, additive manufacturing (AM) of high content calcium phosphate (CaP)-polymer composites holds great promise towards the design of bioactive scaffolds. Yet, the biological performance of such scaffolds is still poorly characterized. In this study, melt extrusion AM (ME-AM) was used to fabricate poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT)-nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffolds with up to 45 wt% nHA, which presented significantly enhanced compressive mechanical properties, to evaluate their in vitro osteogenic potential as a function of nHA content. While osteogenic gene upregulation and matrix mineralization were observed on all scaffold types when cultured in osteogenic media, human mesenchymal stromal cells did not present an explicitly clear osteogenic phenotype, within the evaluated timeframe, in basic media cultures (i.e. without osteogenic factors). Yet, due to the adsorption of calcium and inorganic phosphate ions from cell culture media and simulated body fluid, the formation of a CaP layer was observed on PEOT/PBT-nHA 45 wt% scaffolds, which is hypothesized to account for their bone forming ability in the long term in vitro, and osteoconductivity in vivo.
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Melt extrusion additive manufacturing , Nanohydroxyapatite , Composite , Human mesenchymal stromal cells , Osteogenic differentiation , Bone regeneration , Melt extrusion additive manufacturing , Nanohydroxyapatite , Composite , Human mesenchymal stromal cells , Osteogenic differentiation , Bone regeneration , Biomedical Engineering , Biomaterials , Bioengineering , Project ID , info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/685825/EU/Functionally graded Additive Manufacturing scaffolds by hybrid manufacturing/FAST , info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/685825/EU/Functionally graded Additive Manufacturing scaffolds by hybrid manufacturing/FAST , Funding Info , We are grateful to H2020-NMP-PILOTS-2015 (GA n. 685825) for financial support. PH gratefully acknowledges the Gravitation Program ‘Materials-Driven Regeneration’, funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (024.003.013). Some of the materials used in this work were provided by the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White through a grant from NCRR of the NIH (Grant #P40RR017447). We would also like to thank Eva Gubbins from MERLN Institute for performing the ICP-MS measurements. , We are grateful to H2020-NMP-PILOTS-2015 (GA n. 685825) for financial support. PH gratefully acknowledges the Gravitation Program ‘Materials-Driven Regeneration’, funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (024.003.013). Some of the materials used in this work were provided by the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White through a grant from NCRR of the NIH (Grant #P40RR017447). We would also like to thank Eva Gubbins from MERLN Institute for performing the ICP-MS measurements.
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Cámara-Torres , M , Sinha , R , Sanchez , A , Habibovic , P , Patelli , A , Mota , C & Moroni , L 2022 , ' Effect of high content nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds prepared via melt extrusion additive manufacturing on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells ' , Biomaterials Advances , vol. 137 , 212833 , pp. 212833 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212833