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Item Consistent arm rehabilitation from clinical to home environment - Integrating the universal haptic drive into the TeleReha software platform(Springer International Publishing, 2013) Veneman, Jan F.; Jung, Je Hyung; Perry, Joel C.; Keller, Thierry; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; Medical TechnologiesThis paper describes the current work on integrating a haptic force feedback device, named the Universal Haptic Drive (UHD), for upper limb training into a software platform for telerehabilitation which has been developed for at-home rehabilitation after stroke. The aim of the integration is to provide a consistent training and assessment platform during the entire rehabilitation period, from clinical facilities to home, while also allowing less specialized supervision to rehabilitate a stroke patient.Item Determining and Applying Productive, Environmental and Economical Indicators and Indexes to a Cyber Physical System for Greening Process of Supply Chain(Springer Nature, 2021-09-09) Morella, Paula; Lambán, María Pilar; Royo, Jesús; Sánchez, Juan Carlos; Hernández Korner, Mario Enrique; SGSustainability is taking on increasing value in the industrial world. This article aims to develop and implement in a cyber-physical system two new KPIs capable of transferring the current concept of Supply Chain (SC) to a Green Supply Chain (GSC), which no longer addresses only the productive and economic issues of traditional SC, but also addresses issues of sustainability, relying on industry 4.0 to achieve this goal. Each KPI has a different function within this process. The first one allows selecting the most adequate scenario to be implemented in the SC from all those proposed, attending to these three issues at the same time (productive, economic and environmental). The second allows the monitoring, at the same time, of the machine tool in these three dimensions, so that, it is possible to analyze throughout the production period of the machine its productive, economic and environmental evolution.Item Electrical Connectors for Underwater Applications(wiley, 2020-01-01) Remouit, Flore; Engström, Jens; Ruiz-Minguela, Pablo; Ruiz‐Minguela, Pablo; RENOVABLES OFFSHORENowadays, numerous companies offer a large choice of underwater connectors and assemblies, and it can be complex to distinguish the different technologies employed for each of them. This chapter provides an overview of the types of connectors that exist for underwater and subsea electrical connections. It presents different types of commercial-off-the-shelf electrical connectors, and lists their performances and defaults, as well as typical failure modes and their known causes. Although each manufacturer has its own designs and technologies, underwater connectors can be grouped into five main categories: rubber-molded, rigid-shell or bulkhead assemblies, fluid-filled underwater mateable, inductive coupling, and assemblies (non-unmateable). The chapter contains the theory on sealing and on connectors’ thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. It provides information on connection procedures and other details about connecting subsea cables with a focus on the connection of offshore renewable energy farms.Item Environmental effects of the application of iron nanoparticles for site remediation(Pan Standford Publishing Pte. Ltd., 2018) Cagigal, Ekain; Ocejo, Marta; Gallego, Jose Luis R.; Pelaez, Ana I.; Rodriguez-Valdes, EduardoAs long as the injection of nanoparticles (mainly nanozerovalent iron, nZVI) has become a common technology for soil and groundwater remediation, a concern has simultaneously grown regarding the side effects and potential impact on the ecosystems, as occurring with other engineered nanometric scale materials. Based on precautionary principle, the technology is still pending approval by regulators in several countries until uncertainties regarding risk analysis are clarified,Item Evaluating ARTS in San Sebastian(Elsevier, 2018-04-25) Murgoitio, Jesus; Izaguirre, Maria; Inclan, Asier; Perez, Joshue; Lattarulo, RayThe Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS) is an urban mobility concept based on two ideas: car sharing and automated capabilities with door-to door solutions. In this paper, a description of the integration of the last large demonstration (3 months) in the San Sebastian city, with a risk evaluation study, is presented. The main safety issues regarding to the proposed track and vehicles are addressed, but considering the maximum speed allowed per segments and the comfortable accelerations of the passengers, in order to do not present unacceptable risks. The modifications have been carried out in the infrastructure, in order to adapt the new vehicles performance in the future smart cities. A description of the general control architecture and technical/functional specifications of the ARTS involved in the demonstrator is presented. This paper describes the achievements and results of this demonstration, showing the viability of this kind of vehicles in a near future.Item Human-Centered Design Components in Spiral Model to Improve Mobility of Older Adults(Springer, Cham, 2019) Khakurel, Jayden; Porras, Jari; Melkas, Helinä; Garzo, Ainara; Medical TechnologiesAs humans grow older, their cognitive needs change more frequently due to distal and proximal life events. Designers and developers need to come up with better designs that integrate older users’ needs in a short period of time with more interaction with the users. Therefore, the positioning of human end users in the center of the design itself is not the key to the success of design artifacts while designing applications for older adults to use a smartphone as a promising tool for journey planner while using public transportation. This study analyzed the use of human-centered design (HCD) components, the spiral model, and the design for failure (DfF) approach to improve the interactions between older users and designers/developers in gathering usability needs in the concept stage and during the development of the app with short iterative cycles. To illustrate the importance of the applied approach, a case study with particular focus on older adults is presented.Item ICT Requirements in a Smart Grid Environment(Springer, Cham, 2019-10-25) Horsmanheimo, Seppo; Tuomimäki, Lotta; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Raúl; Andrén, Filip Pröstl; Andersen, Claus Amtrup; Tecnalia Research & InnovationEnergy systems are moving towards more flexible and distributed structures as the share of distributed energy resources gets bigger. New resources connected to the distribution grid offer ancillary services for congestion management and balancing including, e.g. frequency control, aFRR/mFRR, and voltage control. The new TSO-DSO coordination schemes presented in Chap. 2 are studied in this chapter from ICT’s perspective. This chapter introduces a conceptual reference model to help assess where new communication technologies are needed. The second section introduces potential technologies that could be applied. Our focus is more on wireless technologies to ensure flexibility, cost-efficiency, and scalability in large geographically distributed systems. We also present different types of service architectures to manage, secure and orchestrate the increasing number of services created by the new market models. The provision of ancillary services from distribution networks involves the coordination and close interaction between different actors and systems. In the last section, we present a process of capturing ICT requirements for energy systems. The process utilises the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) that presents a structured approach for modelling the Smart Grid architecture.Item Installation, operation and maintenance of offshore renewables(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019-01-01) Nava, Vincenzo; Ruiz-Minguela, Pablo; Pérez-Morán, Germán; Rodríguez-Arias, Raúl; Lopez-Mendia, Joseba; Villate-Martínez, José Luis; RENOVABLES OFFSHORE; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; GENERALThe chapter deals with the basic concepts of installation, operation and maintenance of offshore renewable energy systems. Whilst focus is given to the offshore wind industry, the extension to ocean energy (wave and tidal) offers a wider perspective on the major issues concerning the installation and maintenance. A reliability-based approach has been adopted for the analysis of the failures, providing an overview about the most common functional decomposition methodologies as well as logistic requirements for the different operations at the various stages of the lifetime of an offshore renewable project. The economic modelling of the operations, based on strategies for their planning, briefly completes the chapter.Item MERLIN: Upper-Limb Rehabilitation Robot System for Home Environment(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Garzo, Ainara; Arcas-Ruiz-Ruano, Javier; Dorronsoro, Iñigo; Gaminde, Gabriel; Jung, Je Hyung; Téllez, Javier; Keller, Thierry; Medical Technologies; Tecnalia Research & InnovationArmAssist is a cost-effective robotic system for post-stroke upper-limb rehabilitation. The system incorporates the ArmAssist Assessment platform based on serious games that enables fast, quantitative and automatic evaluation of the arm functions. The aim of the MERLIN European project is to bring this system to the patients’ homes to personalize the therapy with reduced supervision while increasing the number of movement repetitions to improve the effectiveness. To this end, the ArmAssist system developed by TECNALIA, has been integrated with GMV’s Antari Home Care platform, to customize and supervise the training remotely. Additionally, several technical improvements have been done to enhance the usability and functionality of the system according to the patients and therapists’ feedback. In this paper, the technical progress of the MERLIN system is presented.Item Private/Public Funding Strategies for Interactive Robotics Companies(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-07-02) Rentería-Bilbao, Arantxa; Robótica Médica; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe aim of is paper is to provide a structured view of funding possibilities for companies in the field of interactive robotics. The paper presents a set of funding sources which are of interests for start-ups, spin-off and young companies working in the design and development of interactive robots, including wearable devices. This paper is divided into three chapters, covering private funding (types of existing funding sources, their specific target companies and requirements, and the reasons on how and why investors invest), public funding (mainly coming from European grants under several programs) and the conclusions.Item The role of probiotics in nutritional health: probiotics as nutribiotics: probiotics as nutribiotics(Academic Press; Elsevier Inc., 2022-01-01) Chávarri, María; Diez-Gutiérrez, Lucía; Marañón, Izaskun; del Carmen Villarán, María; Barrón, Luis Javier R.; Alimentación Sostenible; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe gut microbiota has gained importance through the years due to its significant influences on the maintenance of human health. A wide variety of microorganisms shape this gut microbiota, which preserves health with the modulation of the immune system, enhancement of the nutrients absorption, or the protection against pathogens’ colonization. The disruption of this microenvironment triggers the development of health problems leading to several diseases, such as nutritional health problems. The preservation and restoration of this microbiota is a key factor to maintain the natural body homeostasis. According to nutritional health problems, a long list of probiotics and postmiotic has been classified as nutribiotics due to their potential to improve the nutritional status of people. Likewise, nutribiotics should be properly protected and supply using an adequate encapsulation technique. Furthermore, the rising interest in this kind of products is producing the expansion of the current market and opening multiple business opportunities.Item Scenario Analysis(Springer, Cham, 2019-10-25) Rossi, Marco; Merino, Julia; Madina, Carlos; Turienzo, Elena; Svendsen, Harald; Kuusela, Pirkko; Koponen, Pekka; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMS; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOThe performance of TSO-DSO coordination schemes depends on the characteristics of the electricity systems in which regulation reserves can be provided by both transmission and distribution resources. In order to investigate the main aspects influencing TSO-DSO interactions, three detailed electricity scenarios (related to the expected 2030 evolution of Denmark, Italy and Spain) are defined. In particular, these scenarios are designed by assuming various distribution network conditions, determining different volumes of flexibility requested by the DSO in order to carry out local services. Then, the structure of a simulation platform, aimed at testing TSO-DSO coordination schemes, is proposed. It is based on three main blocks, integrating actual market clearing, bidding and dispatching algorithms, together with a simulator for the network and all the physical power resources. Finally, the simulation results are processed by means of a cost-benefit analysis which identified the market architectures providing the highest economic benefits to the system and the main factors that influence the profitability of one TSO-DSO coordination scheme among the others.Item Sensor Testing for Smart Mobility Scenarios: From Parking Assistance to Automated Parking(Springer, Cham, 2019) Larrauri, J. Murgoitio; Muñoz, E. D. Martí; Recalde, M. E. Vaca; Hillbrand, B.; Tengg, A.; Pilz, Ch.; Druml, N.Vehicle automation is one of the major challenges of nowadays’ transport system and its goals are to achieve the ideal energy efficiency, the minimum environment impact and the highest safety rate. In this context, IoSense is the project which will deploy new capabilities (Sensors, Components and Systems) through several demonstrators, one of them called “SmaBility” (Smart Mobility scenarios). So, the intelligent perception and decision making for safer and autonomous driving are the main objectives of the SmaBility demonstrator focus on the “Automated parking”. Then this chapter firstly lists the capabilities in the design, modelling and simulation area of each partner (TECNALIA, IFAT and VIF) involved on the title “From Parking Assistance to Automated Parking” within the Smability. In a second stage, several simulations considering a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera, as the main perception technology, are explained at both levels: Sensor (ToF) and System (Automated parking). In parking assistance scenario (system level), a ToF camera, similar to the previous one analysed at sensor level, is considered as substitute for ultrasonic range sensors. The expected advantages of using such camera include faster answer, better resolution and object recognition capabilities. Combining depth information with a vehicle geometry model and ego-information (position, speed, steering angle), it is possible to estimate distance to collision point and time to collision (TTC) with great accuracy. Finally, summary and conclusions are reported.Item Smart Building: The Tecnalia KUBIK Use Case: The Tecnalia KUBIK Use Case(NOW The Essence of Knowledge, 2021-07) Noyé, Sarah; Aranburu, Larraitz; Puente, Sheila; Mulero, Rubén; Antón, Miguel Ángel; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; DIGITALIZACIÓN Y AUTOMATIZACIÓN DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓNBuildings have long been equipped with sensors and actuators to automate their control. Smart buildings are those whose facilities and systems (air condition ing, heating, lighting, access control systems, etc.) allow integrated and automated building management and control to increase energy efficiency, security, and usabil ity. With the democratization of the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of sensors and actuators is constantly increasing, giving ways to new applications. The reduc tion of sensors and actuators cost is driving a digital shift in the building sector.Item Technologies and Protocols: The Experience of the Three SmartNet Pilots: The experience of the three smartnet pilots(Springer, 2019-10-25) Madina, Carlos; Jimeno, Joseba; Ortolano, Luca; Palleschi, Margherita; Ebrahimy, Razgar; Madsen, Henrik; Pardo, Miguel; Corchero, Cristina; POWER SYSTEMSThe deployment of technological pilots is of paramount importance for testing and demonstrating the technical feasibility of the concepts described in this book for two main reasons. On the one hand, there are few real-life experiences in the application of these concepts, as TSO-DSO coordination is a relatively new topic. On the other hand, there may be some implementation difficulties which cannot be anticipated by the scenario analysis and CBA. Whenever possible, more than one pilot should be deployed, so that each of them can focus on different parts of the TSO-DSO coordination value chain. In that sense, it is important to demonstrate different potential TSO-DSO coordination schemes, so that issues arising from each of them can be identified. Moreover, it is also important to demonstrate different types of DER, so that their flexibilities can be better assessed and the advantages and disadvantages for real-life implementation can be properly identified and addressed. As a third complementarity aspect, having different technological pilots allows for focusing on different parts of the value chain, so that one of them may take the vision of the TSO or DSO, while another one can focus on the needs of the aggregator or DER owners.Item The thermal control of Tribolab: a materials experiment on board the International Space Station(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2018) Garmendia, Iñaki; Anglada, EvaTribolab is a materials tribology experiment that was flown on board the International Space Station (ISS) from February 2008 to September 2009. The main objective of the experiment was the study of the behaviour of new solid lubricants (specifically, molybdenum disulphide MoS2 alloyed with tungsten carbide WC) under real space conditions. The thermal control of the instrument (techniques needed to ensure that the temperature range of the experiment components are adequate in all the mission possible scenarios), mainly based on passive thermal control with some active components, is explained in detail in this chapter. Two computational models devised for the design, as well as the different mission scenarios, foreseen temperatures and thermal flows, are also detailed. The verification and on earth qualification tests are also described, as well as the real thermal behaviour of the experiment when on board the International Space Station. Post-flight examination of Tribolab was also possible, as the experiment returned to ground on the Space Shuttle.Item Using ICTs for the Improvement of Public Open Spaces: The Opportunity Offered by CyberParks Digital Tools: The Opportunity Offered by CyberParks Digital Tools(Springer Verlag, 2019) Osaba, Eneko; Pierdicca, Roberto; Duarte, Tiago; Bahillo, Alfonso; Mateus, Diogo; QuantumIn the last decade, the potential of mobile devices for augmenting outdoor experience opened up new solutions, whose value is twofold. On one hand, users can experience new forms of interaction with space. On the other, stakeholders can have access to the so-called User Generated Data, that is different types of information related to public spaces that could be used to improve their conception of space. In line with this, several digital tools have been developed and tested within the framework of CyberParks COST Action TU-1306 with the intention of exploring how information and communication technologies (ICTs) can contribute to the improvement of Public Open Spaces (POS). In this way, this chapter aims to study the relationship between ICTs and POS, focused on the opportunities offered by three different digital tools: the WAY-CyberParks, the EthnoAlly, and the CyberCardeto. The main advantages of using these digital tools are: (1) the real-time data gathering, (2) maintaining an updated database, (3) collecting traces of different activities and users’ groups “at the same time and space”, and (4) recording their opinion and preferences, via text, video, sound or pictures. Furthermore, the chapter attempts to analyse distinct types of results produced by their use, based on different study cases where the digital tool has been tested. The data obtained in these places serve to demonstrate the features and type of data gathered. With these case studies, the chapter attempts to highlight the main potential of each platform as related to different stakeholders and users.