Browsing by Keyword "European Commission's FP7"
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Item A Benchmark Dataset for Human Activity Recognition and Ambient Assisted Living(Springer International Publishing, 2016) Amato, Giuseppe; Bacciu, Davide; Chessa, Stefano; Dragone, Mauro; Gallicchio, Claudio; Gennaro, Claudio; Lozano, Hector; Micheli, Alessio; O´HARE, Gregory M.; Renteria, Arantxa; Vairo, Claudio; O’Hare, Gregory M.P.; De Paz, Juan F.; Yoe, Hyun; Villarrubia, Gabriel; Novais, Paulo; Lindgren, Helena; Fernández-Caballero, Antonio; Ramírez, Andres Jiménez; Medical Technologies; Robótica MédicaWe present a data benchmark for the assessment of human activity recognition solutions, collected as part of the EU FP7 RUBICON project, and available to the scientific community. The dataset provides fully annotated data pertaining to numerous user activities and comprises synchronized data streams collected from a highly sensor-rich home environment. A baseline activity recognition performance obtained through an Echo State Network approach is provided along with the dataset.Item BETaaS platform - a Things as a Service environment for future M2M marketplaces(2015-02-23) Anggorojati, Bayu; Kyriazakos, Sofoklis; Prasad, Neeli; Vallati, Carlo; Mingozzi, Enzo; Tanganelli, Giacomo; Buonaccorsi, Novella; Valdambrini, Nicola; Martinez-Rodriguez, Belen; Nieto De-Santos, Francisco; Zonidis, Nikolaos; Labropoulous, George; Mamelli, Alessandro; Sommacampagna, Davide; Tecnalia Research & InnovationBuilding the Environment for Things as a Service (BETaaS) is a novel platform for the deployment and execution of contentcentric Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications, which relies on a local cloud of gateways. BETaaS platform provides a uniform interface and services to map content with things in a context-aware manner. Deployment of services for the execution of applications is dynamic and takes into account the computational resources of the low-end physical devices used. To this aim, BETaaS platform is based on a suitable defined Internet of Things (IoT) model, allowing the integration of the BETaaS components within the future Internet environment. In this paper we present the BETaaS concept, the high level platform architecture and application scenarios that extend the state-of-the-art in M2M communications and open the horizon for future M2M marketplaces.Item Economic assessment of strategies to deploy publicly accessible charging infrastructure(mdpi, 2015-12) Madina, Carlos; Barlag, Heike; Coppola, Giovanni; Gómez-Arriola, Inés; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Raúl; Zabala, Eduardo; Tecnalia Research & InnovationFrom the end user perspective, the main barriers for widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption are high purchase cost and range anxiety, both regarding battery capacity and availability of accessible EV charging infrastructure. Governments and public bodies in general are taking steps towards overcoming these barriers by, among others, setting up regulatory requirements regarding standardisation, customer information and recommending objectives of publicly accessible charging infrastructure. However, the economic performance of publicly accessible charging infrastructure is unknown and any deployment plan should be backed up by a rigorous cost-benefit analysis, to check the efficiency of the plan in economic terms. This paper presents the results of the economic assessment performed within the FP7 EU-funded Green eMotion project, where relevant conclusions for helping industry strategic approach and decision makers have been taken.Item Economic Impact of Distribution Grid Operation Scenarios for the Integration of Electric Vehicles(2014-12-03) Madina, Carlos; Zabala, Eduardo; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Raúl; Turienzo, Elena; Lopez, Jose Antonio; Tecnalia Research & InnovationElectric Vehicles (EVs) will become an important part of the transport system in Europe and can thus create a number of benefits in term of oil dependence reduction, air quality improvement and trade balance enhancement. However, they can also become a burden for distribution system operator (DSOs) if they charge in an uncontrolled way. In addition, the increasing deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) and other distributed energy resources (DER) are making the distribution grid planning more complicated than in the past, when consumers were considered to be passive elements and grid was dimensioned to meet peak demand. PlanGridEV project proposes new planning procedures, which take into account the possibility to manage consumers’ electricity demand, including the charging process of EVs, both to better integrate DER and to more efficiently plan the investments in the distribution grid. The planning rules will be validated by carrying out four test beds, which will serve as an input for assessing the economic performance of four scenarios, representing four theoretical alternatives for distribution grid planning. Different services that EVs can provide to DSOs and other actors in the e-mobility ecosystem will be analysed in each scenario. Then, a grid planning tool will be developed to help DSOs consider EVs and demand and other demand response (DR) capabilities when planning distribution grid extension.Item Estimation of hysteretic losses for MgB2 tapes under the operating conditions of a generator(2016-02-02) Vargas-Llanos, Carlos Roberto; Zermeño, Victor M. R.; Sanz, Santiago; Trillaud, Frederic; Grilli, Francesco; Tecnalia Research & InnovationHysteretic losses in the MgB2 wound superconducting coils of a 550 kW synchronous hybrid scaled generator were estimated as part of the European project SUPRAPOWER led by the Spanish Fundación Tecnalia Research & Innovation. Particular interest was given to the losses caused by the magnetic flux ripples in the rotor coils originating from the conventional stator during nominal operation. To compute these losses, a 2D finite element analysis was conducted and Maxwell’s equations written in the H-formulation were solved considering the nonlinear material properties of the conductor materials. The modeled tapes are made of multiple MgB2 filaments embedded in a Ni matrix and soldered to a high purity copper strip and insulated with Dacron braid. Three geometrical models of single tape cross sections of decreasing complexity were studied: (1) the first model reproduced closely the actual cross section obtained from tape micrographs. (2) The second model was obtained from the computed elasto-plastic deformation of a round Ni wire. (3) The third model was based on a simplified cross section with the superconducting filaments bundled in a single elliptical bulky structure. The last geometry allowed the validation of the modeling technique by comparing numerical losses with results from well-established analytical expressions. Additionally, the following cases of filament transpositions of the multi-filamentary tape were studied: no transposition, partial and full transposition; thereby improving understanding of the relevance of the tape fabrication process on the magnitude of the determination of ac losses. Finally, choosing the right level of geometrical detail, the following operational regimes of the machine and its impact on individual superconducting tape losses in the rotor were studied: bias-dc current, ramping current under ramping background field and magnetic flux ripples under dc background current and field.Item Experimental Study and Simulation of Quench in MgB2 Coils for Wind Generators(2016-01-18) Sanz, Santiago; Sarmiento, G.; Pujana, Ainhoa; Merino, Jose Maria; Tropeano, Matteo; Nardelli, Davide; Grasso, Gianni; Sun, Jiuce; Toral, Fernando; Marino, Iker; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; DIGITAL ENERGYIn the frame of the European Union (EU) founded SUPRAPOWER Project, MgB2 conduction-cooled coils are foreseen to be used in the rotor of synchronous wind turbine generators. As a result, a conceptual design of a 10 MW superconducting (SC) generator will be made and a Rotating Magnetic Validator (RMV) will be constructed and tested, with two rotating SC coils. The main dimensions and working conditions will be kept in the RMV and in the 10 MW generator. The RMV has been conceived is such a way that it can be transformed in a generator. Numerical quench simulations have to be performed in order to design a suitable quench protection system. Due to the uncertainty of some material properties and its importance for the machine operation, an experimental validation must be performed in order to resolve discrepancies. Under this premises, a full size MgB2 double pancake coil have been manufactured and instrumented to trigger a controlled quench.Item Interconnection between scales for friendly and affordable sustainable urban districts retrofitting(2015-11-01) Barbano, Giulia; Egusquiza, Aitziber; LABORATORIO DE TRANSFORMACIÓN URBANAThe EU FP7 project FASUDIR (Friendly and Affordable Sustainable Urban Districts Retrofitting) supports the mobilization of the building retrofitting market towards 2020-2050 EU-targets through an Integrated Decision Support Tool (IDST), a software based on a new methodology that will help decision makers identify the best energy retrofitting strategy to increase the sustainability of the whole district. Improving the sustainability of urban environments is a interscalar problem, addressed through a multiscalar and multidirectional approach. A comprehensive urban scale strategy considers the working scale, but the measures at building scale have to be coherent with the global objectives at district and city scale. The FASUDIR IDST and methodology interconnect and visualize information across scales, ensuring comprehensive diagnoses and proper implementation of strategies. Due to the complexity of urban sustainability, interscalarity and multiscalarity, first it has been necessary to identify the possible scales of analysis, to capture various themes and to highlight the horizontal and vertical interconnections between different components. Multiscalarity and Interscalarity affect the three phases of the sustainable retrofitting cycle: diagnosis, decision making and management. The identification of the impact of district solutions on buildings (and vice versa) and their compatibility across scales has been addressed through interconnected building and district Key Performance Iindicators (KPIs). The intervention phases at building level generate new information about specific buildings, enabling more accurate decision making at district level. The methodology articulates the structure of the new information and the feedback generated during the process. To allow information interconnection a strategic information management is key. A multiscale information model based on CityGML, a standard data model issued by the OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium), will be the baseline structure for all the district-scale information (geometric and semantic) that is necessary for decision making and management, organized into a single interoperable data model that will integrate information from different fields and at different levels of detail.Item Making system of systems interoperable – The core components of the arrowhead framework(2016-11) Varga, Pal; Blomstedt, Fredrik; Ferreira, Luis Lino; Eliasson, Jens; Johansson, Mats; Delsing, Jerker; Martínez de Soria, Iker; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe objective of the Arrowhead Framework is to efficiently support the development, deployment and operation of interconnected, cooperative systems. It is based on the Service Oriented Architecture philosophy. The building elements of the framework are systems that provide and consume services, and cooperate as systems of systems. Some commonly used systems, such as orchestration, authorization or service registry are considered as core. These can be used by any system of systems that follow the guidelines of the Arrowhead Framework. Within the framework, systems – using different information exchange technologies during collaboration – are helped through various approaches. These include the so-called Interoperability Layer, as well as systems and services for translation. Furthermore, one of the main problems of developing such highly interoperable systems is the lack of understanding between various development groups. Adequate development and service documentation methodologies can help to overcome this issue. The design, development and verification methodology for each service, system and system of systems within the Arrowhead Framework supports that these can be implemented, verified, deployed, and run in an interoperable way. This paper presents an overview of the framework together with its core elements – and provides guidelines for the design and deployment of interoperable, Arrowhead-compliant cooperative systems.Item Methodology for assessing electric vehicle charging infrastructure business models(2016-02-01) Madina, Carlos; Zamora, Inmaculada; Zabala, Eduardo; POWER SYSTEMS; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe analysis of economic implications of innovative business models in networked environments, as electro-mobility is, requires a global approach to ensure that all the involved actors obtain a benefit. Although electric vehicles (EVs) provide benefits for the society as a whole, there are a number of hurdles for their widespread adoption, mainly the high investment cost for the EV and for the infrastructure. Therefore, a sound business model must be built up for charging service operators, which allows them to recover their costs while, at the same time, offer EV users a charging price which makes electro-mobility comparable to internal combustion engine vehicles. For that purpose, three scenarios are defined, which present different EV charging alternatives, in terms of charging power and charging station ownership and accessibility. A case study is presented for each scenario and the required charging station usage to have a profitable business model is calculated. We demonstrate that private home charging is likely to be the preferred option for EV users who can charge at home, as it offers a lower total cost of ownership under certain conditions, even today. On the contrary, finding a profitable business case for fast charging requires more intensive infrastructure usage.Item Occupational exposure to nano-TiO2 in the life cycle steps of new depollutant mortars used in construction(2015-05-26) Vaquero-Moralejo, Celina; Galarza, N.; López de Ipiña, J.M.; Gutierrez-Cañas, C.; Múgica, I.; Aragón, G.; Jaen, M.; Pina, R.; Larraza, I.; Esteban-Cubillo, A.; Thompson, D.; Pui, D.Y.H.; Gelarza, N.; De Ipiña, J. L.López; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; PRINTEX; SMART_MONThe present work is focused on the measurement of workers exposure to nano-TiO2 in the life cycle steps of depollutant mortars. It has been done in the framework of the SCAFFOLD project, which aims at the management of potential risks arising from the use of manufactured nanomaterials in construction. Main findings can be summarized as follows: (1) The occupational exposure to nano- TiO2 is below 0.3 mg/m3 for all measured scenarios. The highest concentrations were measured during the cleaning task (in the nano- TiO2 manufacturing process) and during the application (spraying) of depollutant coatings on a wall. (2) It was found a high release of particles above the background in several tasks as expected due to the nature of the activities performed. The maximum concentration was measured during drilling and during adding powder materials (mean total particle concentration up to 5.591E+04 particles/cm3 and 5.69E+04 particles/cm3). However, considering data on total particle concentration released, no striking differences have been observed when tasks have been performed using conventional materials in the sector (control) and when using materials doped with nano-objects.Item Optimized and enhanced grid architecture for electric vehicles in Europe(2017-02-01) Übermasser, Stefan; Rodríguez Sanchez, Raúl; Madina, Carlos; Böcker, Stefan; Glancy, Mark; O’Callaghan, Eoghan; Silvestre, Luís; Voit, Stefan; Gaul, Armin; Odena Bultó, Gemma; Hribernik, Wolfgang; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMSFor an optimized large-scale roll-out of EVs in Europe whilst at the same time maximizing the potential of DER integration, an optimized and enhanced grid architecture for EVs in Europe has to be considered. The work in this paper is addressing this topic and summarizing the corresponding project findings. The aim of this approach is to provide a framework for the further investigation of selected use cases which allows implementing and comparing scenarios of different DSOs. Following a Smart Grid approach, the developed grid architecture implements energy grid entities and ICT components. The general framework was described including all its relevant clusters and indicating related entities. The network types used for this architecture are following the SGAM and Smart Grid Standards Map approach. A so-called “Smart Grid Connection Point”, which is a generic system interface, is used in this work to allow a more simplified graphical architecture model and increase its readability. Similar to the concept and purpose of the Smart Grid Connection Point, also the principle of an integration bus for entity clusters was introduced. From the Integration bus, the information from/to external systems passes through the Smart Grid Connection Point using one of a range of possible technological options. The position of EVs charging infrastructure within the framework is defined at the border between the domains DERs (generation) and consumption, which takes into account future V2G scenarios, where EVs may act as consumption and generation devices. EVSEs and DERs may be connected as standalone systems directly to the grid, or indirectly as part of one of the clusters at the customer premises domain which refers to the three location-wise types of charging, public, semi-public and private charging. Regarding controlled charging of EVs this optimized architecture allows a variety of different local, distributed or aggregated options which may involve different types of actors.Item Semantic-based Context Modeling for Quality of Service Support in IoT Platforms(IEEE, 2016-06-21) Mingozzi, Enzo; Tanganelli, Giacomo; Vallati, Carlo; Martinez-Rodriguez, Belen; Mendia, Izaskun; Gonzalez-Rodriguez, M.; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; BIGDATA; SGThe Internet of Things (IoT) envisions billions of devices seamlessly connected to information systems, thus providing a sensing platform for applications. The availability of such a huge number of smart things will entail a multiplicity of devices collecting overlapping data and/or providing similar functionalities. In this scenario, efficient discovery and appropriate selection of things through proper context acquisition and management will represent a critical requirement and a challenge for future IoT platforms. In this work we present a practical approach to model and manage context, and how this information can be exploited to implement QoS-aware thing service selection. In particular, it is shown how context can be used to infer knowledge on the equivalence of thing services through semantic reasoning, and how such information can be exploited to allocate thing services to applications while meeting QoS requirements even in case of failures. The proposed approach is demonstrated through a simple yet illustrative experiment in a smart home scenario.Item Thermal assessment of ambient pressure dried silica aerogel composite boards at laboratory and field scale(2016-09-15) Garay, Roberto; Goiti, Eunate; Reichenauer, Gudrun; Zhao, Shanyu; Koebel, Matthias; Barrio, Aitor; Garay Martinez, Roberto; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; ECOEFICIENCIA DE PRODUCTOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN; BIOECONOMÍA Y CO2In the context of increasing energy costs and the need for global reduction of CO2 emissions, the development of superinsulation materials for the construction sector allows the design of low-energy buildings. Since still being in an experimental or at early-commercial stage, R&D of these materials focused on its final application is required, to accelerate access to the market for renovation of the building stock where space is a critical metric. In this paper, the experimental assessment of the thermal performance of a novel ambient pressure dried silica aerogel based composite is presented. In order to provide assessments at both, material and system levels, stress-strain tests, hot plate measurements, as well as full scale tests under realistic boundary conditions were conducted. The overall results are that this material provides good insulation properties (thermal conductivity in the range of 0.015–0.018 W/mK), along with sufficient mechanical properties, and allows for the creation of superinsulating assemblies even at small wall thickness.