Browsing by Keyword "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)"
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Item Development and evaluation of a Skill Based Architecture for applied industrial robotics(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015-07-15) Herrero, Hector; Outon, Jose Luis; Esnaola, Urko; Salle, Damien; Lopez De Ipina, Karmele; Lopez de Ipina, Karmele; Travieso-Gonzalez, Carlos Manuel; Alonso-Hernandez, Jesus B.; ROBOTICA_FLEXThis paper presents and evaluates a Skill Based Architecture with the aim of increasing flexibility of dual-arm robot programming. The proposed architecture allows absolute control of the execution, easing coordination of the arms if necessary. This work try to quantify the advantages of the proposed paradigm based in different indicators. A pilot station is under development at Airbus Operations plant in Puerto Real, Spain. A real operation, drilling deburring of composite parts, has been selected as use case for evaluation.Item (Dis) integrated valuation – Assessing the information gaps in ecosystem service appraisals for governance support(2018-02) Barton, D. N.; Kelemen, E.; Dick, J.; Martin-Lopez, B.; Gómez-Baggethun, E.; Jacobs, S.; Hendriks, C. M.A.; Termansen, M.; García-Llorente, M.; Primmer, E.; Dunford, R.; Harrison, P. A.; Turkelboom, F.; Saarikoski, H.; van Dijk, J.; Rusch, G. M.; Palomo, I.; Yli-Pelkonen, V. J.; Carvalho, L.; Baró, F.; Langemeyer, J.; van der Wal, J. Tjalling; Mederly, P.; Priess, J. A.; Luque, S.; Berry, P.; Santos, R.; Odee, D.; Pastur, G. Martines; García Blanco, G.; Saarela, S. R.; Silaghi, D.; Pataki, G.; Masi, F.; Vădineanu, A.; Mukhopadhyay, R.; Lapola, D. M.; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOThe operational challenges of integrated ecosystem service (ES) appraisals are determined by study purpose, system complexity and uncertainty, decision-makers’ requirements for reliability and accuracy of methods, and approaches to stakeholder–science interaction in different decision contexts. To explore these factors we defined an information gap hypothesis, based on a theory of cumulative uncertainty in ES appraisals. When decision context requirements for accuracy and reliability increase, and the expected uncertainty of the ES appraisal methods also increases, the likelihood of methods being used is expected to drop, creating a potential information gap in governance. In order to test this information gap hypothesis, we evaluate 26 case studies and 80 ecosystem services appraisals in a large integrated EU research project. We find some support for a decreasing likelihood of ES appraisal methods coinciding with increasing accuracy and reliability requirements of the decision-support context, and with increasing uncertainty. We do not find that information costs are the explanation for this information gap, but rather that the research project interacted mostly with stakeholders outside the most decision-relevant contexts. The paper discusses how alternative definitions of integrated valuation can lead to different interpretations of decision-support information, and different governance approaches to dealing with uncertainty.Item Institutional challenges in putting ecosystem service knowledge in practice(2018-02) Saarikoski, Heli; Primmer, Eeva; Saarela, Sanna Riikka; Antunes, Paula; Aszalós, Réka; Baró, Francesc; Berry, Pam; Blanko, Gemma Garcia; Goméz-Baggethun, Erik; Carvalho, Laurence; Dick, Jan; Dunford, Robert; Hanzu, Mihail; Harrison, Paula A.; Izakovicova, Zita; Kertész, Miklós; Kopperoinen, Leena; Köhler, Berit; Langemeyer, Johannes; Lapola, David; Liquete, Camino; Luque, Sandra; Mederly, Peter; Niemelä, Jari; Palomo, Ignacio; Pastur, Guillermo Martinez; Peri, Pablo Luis; Preda, Elena; Priess, Jörg A.; Santos, Rui; Schleyer, Christian; Turkelboom, Francis; Vadineanu, Angheluta; Verheyden, Wim; Vikström, Suvi; Young, Juliette; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOThe promise that ecosystem service assessments will contribute to better decision-making is not yet proven. We analyse how knowledge on ecosystem services is actually used to inform land and water management in 22 case studies covering different social-ecological systems in European and Latin American countries. None of the case studies reported instrumental use of knowledge in a sense that ecosystem service knowledge would have served as an impartial arbiter between policy options. Yet, in most cases, there was some evidence of conceptual learning as a result of close interaction between researchers, practitioners and stakeholders. We observed several factors that constrained knowledge uptake, including competing interests and political agendas, scientific disputes, professional norms and competencies, and lack of vertical and horizontal integration. Ecosystem knowledge played a small role particularly in those planning and policy-making situations where it challenged established interests and the current distribution of benefits from ecosystems. The factors that facilitated knowledge use included application of transparent participatory methods, social capital, policy champions and clear synergies between ecosystem services and human well-being. The results are aligned with previous studies which have emphasized the importance of building local capacity, ownership and trust for the long-term success of ecosystem service research.Item Knowledge needs for the operationalisation of the concept of ecosystem services(2018-02) Carmen, Esther; Watt, Allan; Carvalho, Laurence; Dick, Jan; Fazey, Ioan; Garcia-Blanco, Gemma; Grizzetti, Bruna; Hauck, Jennifer; Izakovicova, Zita; Kopperoinen, Leena; Liquete, Camino; Odee, David; Steingröver, Eveliene; Young, Juliette; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOAs environmental challenges and their management are increasingly recognised as complex and uncertain, the concept of ecosystem services has emerged from within scientific communities and is gaining influence within policy communities. To better understand how this concept can be turned into practice we examine knowledge needs from the perspective of the different stakeholders directly engaged with the operationalisation of ecosystem systems concept within ten socio-ecologically different case studies from different countries, levels of governance and ecosystems. We identify four different but interrelated areas of knowledge needs, namely; (i) needs related to develop a common understanding, (ii) needs related to the role of formal and informal institutions in shaping action on the ground, (iii) needs related to linking knowledge and action, and (iv) and needs related to accessible and easy to use methods and tools. These findings highlight the need to view knowledge as a process which is orientated towards action. We discuss the potential to develop transdisciplinary research approaches and the development of tools and methods explicitly as boundary objects in the ecosystem service science community to develop more collaborative practices with other stakeholders and facilitate the operationalisation of the concept of ecosystem services across contexts.