Kennedy, Mark WilliamSun, TianmingYurramendi, LourdesArnout, SanderAune, Ragnhild E.Tranell, Gabriella2024-07-242024-07-242017-12-01Kennedy , M W , Sun , T , Yurramendi , L , Arnout , S , Aune , R E & Tranell , G 2017 , ' Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Recovery : Part II ' , Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy , vol. 3 , no. 4 , pp. 846-857 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-017-0148-y2199-3823https://hdl.handle.net/11556/3405Publisher Copyright: © 2017, The Author(s).Apatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, is a useful raw material for the production of both elemental phosphorus and phosphoric acid, and the mine tailings present at Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) in Kiruna, Sweden, represent a significant potential European source of apatite if upgraded to a concentrate. In the present study, pilot apatite concentrate made from the LKAB tailings has been pyrometallurgically treated using carbon to extract phosphorus without fluxing at temperatures exceeding 1800 °C, with the ultimate objective of recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from the resulting slag/residue phases. Experimental behavior has been modeled using equilibrium thermodynamic predictions performed using HSC®. A process is proposed, and mass–energy balance presented, for the simultaneous production of P4 and CaC2 (ultimately for acetylene, C2H2, and PVC production) from apatite, producing a lime residue significantly enriched in REEs. Possible implications to kiln-based processing of apatite are also discussed.12enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessjournal article10.1007/s40831-017-0148-yApatiteIHPImproved hard processPhosphorusRare earthREESmeltingEnvironmental Science (miscellaneous)Mechanics of MaterialsMetals and Alloyshttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064177412&partnerID=8YFLogxK