RT Journal Article T1 Novel multivariate methods to track frequency shifts of neural oscillations in EEG/MEG recordings A1 Vidaurre, C. A1 Gurunandan, K. A1 Idaji, M. Jamshidi A1 Nolte, G. A1 Gómez, M. A1 Villringer, A. A1 Müller, K. R. A1 Nikulin, V. V. AB Instantaneous and peak frequency changes in neural oscillations have been linked to many perceptual, motor, and cognitive processes. Yet, the majority of such studies have been performed in sensor space and only occasionally in source space. Furthermore, both terms have been used interchangeably in the literature, although they do not reflect the same aspect of neural oscillations. In this paper, we discuss the relation between instantaneous frequency, peak frequency, and local frequency, the latter also known as spectral centroid. Furthermore, we propose and validate three different methods to extract source signals from multichannel data whose (instantaneous, local, or peak) frequency estimate is maximally correlated to an experimental variable of interest. Results show that the local frequency might be a better estimate of frequency variability than instantaneous frequency under conditions with low signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, the source separation methods based on local and peak frequency estimates, called LFD and PFD respectively, provide more stable estimates than the decomposition based on instantaneous frequency. In particular, LFD and PFD are able to recover the sources of interest in simulations performed with a realistic head model, providing higher correlations with an experimental variable than multiple linear regression. Finally, we also tested all decomposition methods on real EEG data from a steady-state visual evoked potential paradigm and show that the recovered sources are located in areas similar to those previously reported in other studies, thus providing further validation of the proposed methods. SN 1053-8119 YR 2023 FD 2023-08-01 LK https://hdl.handle.net/11556/3660 UL https://hdl.handle.net/11556/3660 LA eng NO Vidaurre , C , Gurunandan , K , Idaji , M J , Nolte , G , Gómez , M , Villringer , A , Müller , K R & Nikulin , V V 2023 , ' Novel multivariate methods to track frequency shifts of neural oscillations in EEG/MEG recordings ' , NeuroImage , vol. 276 , 120178 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120178 NO Publisher Copyright: © 2023 NO C.V. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy with Grant RyC 2014-15671, Spanish Ministry of Research and Innovation PID2020-118829RB-100, H2020-FETPROACT-EIC-2018-2020 Grant MAIA-951910, Diputacion Foral de Gipuzkoa Brain2Move project, Diputacion Foral de Gipuzkoa Neurocog Project, and Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science). K.G. was supported by the Basque Government postdoctoral grant POS-2021-1-0007. G.N. was partially funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, SFB936 Z3 and TRR169, B4). K.-R.M. work was supported by German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) under Grants 01IS14013A-E, 01GQ1115 and 01GQ0850; by the Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grants funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2019-0-00079, Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program, Korea University and No. 2022-0-00984, Development of Artificial Intelligence Technology for Personalized Plug-and-Play Explanation and Verification of Explanation). Correspondence to CV, VN and KRM. DS TECNALIA Publications RD 26 jul 2024