RT Journal Article
T1 Ammonium polyphosphate-melamine synergies in thermal degradation and smoke toxicity of flexible polyurethane foams
A1 Eceiza, I.
A1 Aguirresarobe, R.
A1 Barrio, A.
A1 Fernández-Berridi, M. J.
A1 Irusta, L.
AB Polyurethane (PUR) foams can lead to fatal fires in the presence of an ignition and oxygen source. Obviously, the problem is not the mere loss of PUR foams properties but essentially, the smoke and toxic gases which are the main factors responsible for fire hazards. This paper reports on the main approaches taken to improve the smoke evolution and toxicity of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) based PUR foams which are the incorporation of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (M) and its combinations as additive flame retardants (FRs). In order to better understand the fire behavior, the influence of incorporated FR on the thermal degradation mechanism was also analyzed by means of thermogravimetry coupled to infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). In addition, foams were characterized in terms of smoke evolution and toxicity of released gases both asphyxiant and irritant using a smoke density chamber coupled to infrared spectroscopy (NBS-FTIR). Data showed that the mixture of APP and M in different amounts reduced the smoke generation and the concentration of harmful gases, underlying a synergetic effect for the combination of both flame-retardants.
SN 0040-6031
YR 2023
FD 2023-08
LA eng
NO Eceiza , I , Aguirresarobe , R , Barrio , A , Fernández-Berridi , M J & Irusta , L 2023 , ' Ammonium polyphosphate-melamine synergies in thermal degradation and smoke toxicity of flexible polyurethane foams ' , Thermochimica Acta , vol. 726 , 179554 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2023.179554
NO Publisher Copyright: © 2023
NO The authors thank the Basque Government ( IT1667-22 , IT1503-22 , PIBA20/16 ) and the University of the Basque Country ( GIU19/077 ) for the funding received to develop this work. I. E. also thanks the Basque Government for the PhD scholarship and Iñaki Goenaga Foundation.
DS TECNALIA Publications
RD 31 jul 2024