Applications of Models and Tools for Mesoscale and Microscale Thermal Analysis in Mid-Latitude Climate Regions—A Review
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2021-11-10
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Abstract
Urban analysis at different spatial scales (micro- and mesoscale) of local climate conditions is required to test typical artificial urban boundaries and related climate hazards such as high temperatures in built environments. The multitude of finishing materials and sheltering objects within built environments produce distinct patterns of different climate conditions, particularly during the daytime. The combination of high temperatures and intense solar radiation strongly perturb the environment by increasing the thermal heat stress at the pedestrian level. Therefore, it is becoming common practice to use numerical models and tools that enable multiple design and planning alternatives to be quantitatively and qualitatively tested to inform urban planners and decision-makers. These models and tools can be used to compare the relationships between the micro-climatic environment, the subjective thermal assessment, and the social behaviour, which can reveal the attractiveness and effectiveness of new urban spaces and lead to more sustainable and liveable public spaces. This review article presents the applications of selected environmental numerical models and tools to predict human thermal stress at the mesoscale (e.g., satellite thermal images and UrbClim) and the microscale (e.g., mobile measurements, ENVI-met, and UrbClim HR) focusing on case study cities in mid-latitude climate regions framed in two European research projects.
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Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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Heatwaves , Urban heat island , Mesoscale , Microscale , Microclimate modelling , Thermal stress , Antwerp , Bilbao , Paris , Rome , Montpellier , Delhi , Mid-latitude climate regions , Heatwaves , Urban heat island , Mesoscale , Microscale , Microclimate modelling , Thermal stress , Antwerp , Bilbao , Paris , Rome , Montpellier , Delhi , Mid-latitude climate regions , Heatwave , Computer Science (miscellaneous) , Geography, Planning and Development , Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment , Building and Construction , Environmental Science (miscellaneous) , Energy Engineering and Power Technology , Hardware and Architecture , Computer Networks and Communications , Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law , SDG 13 - Climate Action , SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities , SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals , Project ID , info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308497/EU/Reconciling Adaptation, Mitigation, and Sustainable Development for Cities/RAMSES , info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/73004/EU/PUCS , info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308497/EU/Reconciling Adaptation, Mitigation, and Sustainable Development for Cities/RAMSES , info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/73004/EU/PUCS , Funding Info , The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 308497, Project RAMSES—Reconciling Adaptation, Mitigation, and Sustainable Development for Cities (2012–2017) _x000D_ and from the European Union’s H2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 73004_x000D_ (PUCS/Climate-fit.city). _x000D_ The APC was funded by the Research Group of Building and Technology, De partment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 308497, Project RAMSES—Reconciling Adaptation, Mitigation, and Sustainable Development for Cities (2012–2017) _x000D_ and from the European Union’s H2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 73004_x000D_ (PUCS/Climate-fit.city). _x000D_ The APC was funded by the Research Group of Building and Technology, De partment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
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Lobaccaro , G , De Ridder , K , Acero , J A , Hooyberghs , H , Lauwaet , D , Maiheu , B , Sharma , R & Govehovitch , B 2021 , ' Applications of Models and Tools for Mesoscale and Microscale Thermal Analysis in Mid-Latitude Climate Regions—A Review ' , Sustainability , vol. 13 , no. 22 , 12385 , pp. 12385 . https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212385