Information fusion as an integrative cross-cutting enabler to achieve robust, explainable, and trustworthy medical artificial intelligence

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dc.contributor.authorHolzinger, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorDehmer, Matthias
dc.contributor.authorEmmert-Streib, Frank
dc.contributor.authorCucchiara, Rita
dc.contributor.authorAugenstein, Isabelle
dc.contributor.authorSer, Javier Del
dc.contributor.authorSamek, Wojciech
dc.contributor.authorJurisica, Igor
dc.contributor.authorDíaz-Rodríguez, Natalia
dc.contributor.institutionIA
dc.date.issued2022-03
dc.descriptionAndreas Holzinger acknowledges funding support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Project: P-32554 explainable Artificial Intelligenceand from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovationprogram under grant agreement 826078 (Feature Cloud). This publi-cation reflects only the authors’ view and the European Commissionis not responsible for any use that may be made of the informationit contains; Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez is supported by the Spanish Gov-ernment Juan de la Cierva Incorporación contract (IJC2019-039152-I); Isabelle Augenstein’s research is partially funded by a DFF Sapere Auderesearch leader grant; Javier Del Ser acknowledges funding supportfrom the Basque Government through the ELKARTEK program (3KIAproject, KK-2020/00049) and the consolidated research group MATH-MODE (ref. T1294-19); Wojciech Samek acknowledges funding Support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovationprogram under grant agreement No. 965221 (iToBoS), and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (ref. 01IS18025 A, ref. 01IS18037I and ref. 0310L0207C); Igor Jurisica acknowledges funding support from Ontario Research Fund (RDI 34876), Natural Sciences Research Council (NSERC 203475), CIHR Research Grant (93579),Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI 29272, 225404, 33536), IBM, Ian Lawson van Toch Fund, the Schroeder Arthritis Institute via theToronto General and Western Hospital Foundation.
dc.description.abstractMedical artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been remarkably successful, even outperforming human performance at certain tasks. There is no doubt that AI is important to improve human health in many ways and will disrupt various medical workflows in the future. Using AI to solve problems in medicine beyond the lab, in routine environments, we need to do more than to just improve the performance of existing AI methods. Robust AI solutions must be able to cope with imprecision, missing and incorrect information, and explain both the result and the process of how it was obtained to a medical expert. Using conceptual knowledge as a guiding model of reality can help to develop more robust, explainable, and less biased machine learning models that can ideally learn from less data. Achieving these goals will require an orchestrated effort that combines three complementary Frontier Research Areas: (1) Complex Networks and their Inference, (2) Graph causal models and counterfactuals, and (3) Verification and Explainability methods. The goal of this paper is to describe these three areas from a unified view and to motivate how information fusion in a comprehensive and integrative manner can not only help bring these three areas together, but also have a transformative role by bridging the gap between research and practical applications in the context of future trustworthy medical AI. This makes it imperative to include ethical and legal aspects as a cross-cutting discipline, because all future solutions must not only be ethically responsible, but also legally compliant.en
dc.description.statusPeer reviewed
dc.format.extent16
dc.format.extent2163355
dc.identifier.citationHolzinger , A , Dehmer , M , Emmert-Streib , F , Cucchiara , R , Augenstein , I , Ser , J D , Samek , W , Jurisica , I & Díaz-Rodríguez , N 2022 , ' Information fusion as an integrative cross-cutting enabler to achieve robust, explainable, and trustworthy medical artificial intelligence ' , Information Fusion , vol. 79 , pp. 263-278 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2021.10.007
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.inffus.2021.10.007
dc.identifier.issn1566-2535
dc.identifier.otherresearchoutputwizard: 11556/1234
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119285419&partnerID=8YFLogxK
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofInformation Fusion
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.keywordsArtificial intelligence
dc.subject.keywordsInformation fusion
dc.subject.keywordsMedical AI
dc.subject.keywordsExplainable AI
dc.subject.keywordsRobustness
dc.subject.keywordsExplainability
dc.subject.keywordsTrust
dc.subject.keywordsGraph-based machine learning
dc.subject.keywordsNeural-symbolic learning and reasoning
dc.subject.keywordsArtificial intelligence
dc.subject.keywordsInformation fusion
dc.subject.keywordsMedical AI
dc.subject.keywordsExplainable AI
dc.subject.keywordsRobustness
dc.subject.keywordsExplainability
dc.subject.keywordsTrust
dc.subject.keywordsGraph-based machine learning
dc.subject.keywordsNeural-symbolic learning and reasoning
dc.subject.keywordsSoftware
dc.subject.keywordsSignal Processing
dc.subject.keywordsInformation Systems
dc.subject.keywordsHardware and Architecture
dc.subject.keywordsProject ID
dc.subject.keywordsinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/826078/EU/Privacy preserving federated machine learning and blockchaining for reduced cyber risks in a world of distributed healthcare/FeatureCloud
dc.subject.keywordsinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/965221/EU/Intelligent Total Body Scanner for Early Detection of Melanoma/iToBoS
dc.subject.keywordsinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/826078/EU/Privacy preserving federated machine learning and blockchaining for reduced cyber risks in a world of distributed healthcare/FeatureCloud
dc.subject.keywordsinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/965221/EU/Intelligent Total Body Scanner for Early Detection of Melanoma/iToBoS
dc.subject.keywordsFunding Info
dc.subject.keywordsAndreas Holzinger acknowledges funding support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Project: P-32554 explainable Artificial Intelligenceand from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovationprogram under grant agreement 826078 (Feature Cloud). This publi-cation reflects only the authors’ view and the European Commissionis not responsible for any use that may be made of the informationit contains; Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez is supported by the Spanish Gov-ernment Juan de la Cierva Incorporación contract (IJC2019-039152-I); Isabelle Augenstein’s research is partially funded by a DFF Sapere Auderesearch leader grant; Javier Del Ser acknowledges funding supportfrom the Basque Government through the ELKARTEK program (3KIAproject, KK-2020/00049) and the consolidated research group MATH-MODE (ref. T1294-19); Wojciech Samek acknowledges funding Support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovationprogram under grant agreement No. 965221 (iToBoS), and the German Federa
dc.subject.keywordsAndreas Holzinger acknowledges funding support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Project: P-32554 explainable Artificial Intelligenceand from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovationprogram under grant agreement 826078 (Feature Cloud). This publi-cation reflects only the authors’ view and the European Commissionis not responsible for any use that may be made of the informationit contains; Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez is supported by the Spanish Gov-ernment Juan de la Cierva Incorporación contract (IJC2019-039152-I); Isabelle Augenstein’s research is partially funded by a DFF Sapere Auderesearch leader grant; Javier Del Ser acknowledges funding supportfrom the Basque Government through the ELKARTEK program (3KIAproject, KK-2020/00049) and the consolidated research group MATH-MODE (ref. T1294-19); Wojciech Samek acknowledges funding Support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovationprogram under grant agreement No. 965221 (iToBoS), and the German Federa
dc.titleInformation fusion as an integrative cross-cutting enabler to achieve robust, explainable, and trustworthy medical artificial intelligenceen
dc.typejournal article
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