Effect of Cellulose Nanofibers’ Structure and Incorporation Route in Waterborne Polyurethane–Urea Based Nanocomposite Inks

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dc.contributor.authorLarraza, Izaskun
dc.contributor.authorVadillo, Julen
dc.contributor.authorCalvo-Correas, Tamara
dc.contributor.authorTejado, Alvaro
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Loli
dc.contributor.authorArbelaiz, Aitor
dc.contributor.authorEceiza, Arantxa
dc.contributor.institutionBIOECONOMÍA Y CO2
dc.date.issued2022-11
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractIn order to continue the development of inks valid for cold extrusion 3D printing, waterborne, polyurethane–urea (WBPUU) based inks with cellulose nanofibers (CNF), as a rheological modulator, were prepared by two incorporation methods, ex situ and in situ, in which the CNF were added after and during the synthesis process, respectively. Moreover, in order to improve the affinity of the reinforcement with the matrix, modified CNF was also employed. In the ex situ preparation, interactions between CNFs and water prevail over interactions between CNFs and WBPUU nanoparticles, resulting in strong gel-like structures. On the other hand, in situ addition allows the proximity of WBPUU particles and CNF, favoring interactions between both components and allowing the formation of chemical bonds. The fewer amount of CNF/water interactions present in the in situ formulations translates into weaker gel-like structures, with poorer rheological behavior for inks for 3D printing. Stronger gel-like behavior translated into 3D-printed parts with higher precision. However, the direct interactions present between the cellulose and the polyurethane–urea molecules in the in situ preparations, and more so in materials reinforced with carboxylated CNF, result in stronger mechanical properties of the final 3D parts.en
dc.description.sponsorshipFinancial support from the Basque Country Government in the frame of Grupos Consolidados (IT-1690-22) and Elkartek KK19-00048 is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the “Macrobehavior-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology” SGIker unit from the UPV/EHU for their technical support. Financial support from the Basque Government (Grupos Consolidados (IT-1690-22), Elkartek (KK19-00048)) is acknowledged.
dc.description.statusPeer reviewed
dc.identifier.citationLarraza , I , Vadillo , J , Calvo-Correas , T , Tejado , A , Martin , L , Arbelaiz , A & Eceiza , A 2022 , ' Effect of Cellulose Nanofibers’ Structure and Incorporation Route in Waterborne Polyurethane–Urea Based Nanocomposite Inks ' , Polymers , vol. 14 , no. 21 , 4516 . https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214516
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/polym14214516
dc.identifier.issn2073-4360
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141834641&partnerID=8YFLogxK
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofPolymers
dc.relation.projectIDBasque Country Government, IT-1690-22-KK19-00048
dc.relation.projectIDEusko Jaurlaritza
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.keywords3D printing
dc.subject.keywordsbioinks
dc.subject.keywordscellulose nanofibers
dc.subject.keywordscold extrusion
dc.subject.keywordswaterborne polyurethane–urea
dc.subject.keywordsGeneral Chemistry
dc.subject.keywordsPolymers and Plastics
dc.titleEffect of Cellulose Nanofibers’ Structure and Incorporation Route in Waterborne Polyurethane–Urea Based Nanocomposite Inksen
dc.typejournal article
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