Reducing the carbon footprint of ICT products through material efficiency strategies: A life cycle analysis of smartphones: A life cycle analysis of smartphones
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2021-04
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Abstract
With the support of a life cycle assessment model, this study estimates the carbon footprint (CF) of smartphones and life cycle costs (LCC) for consumers in scenarios where different material efficiency strategies are implemented in Europe. Results show that a major contribution to the CF of smartphones is due to extraction and processing of materials and following manufacturing of parts: 10.7 kg CO2,eq/year, when assuming a biennial replacement cycle. Printed wiring board, display assembly, and integrated circuits make 75% of the impacts from materials. The CF is increased by assembly (+2.7 kg CO2,eq/year), distribution (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year), and recharging of the device (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year) and decreased by the end of life recycling (−0.8 kg CO2,eq/year). However, the CF of smartphones can dramatically increase when the energy consumed in communication services is counted (+26.4 kg CO2,eq/year). LCC can vary significantly (235–622 EUR/year). The service contract can in particular be a decisive cost factor (up to 61–85% of the LCC). It was calculated that the 1:1 displacement of new smartphones by used devices could decrease the CF by 52–79% (excluding communication services) and the LCC by 5–16%. An extension of the replacement cycle from 2 to 3 years could decrease the CF by 23–30% and the LCC by 4–10%, depending on whether repair operations are required. Measures for implementing such material efficiency strategies are presented and results can help inform decision‐makers about how to reduce impacts associated with smartphones.
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Publisher Copyright: © 2021 European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC-Seville). Journal of Industrial Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Yale University
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Climate change , Industrial ecolgy , Life cycle assessment , LCA , Material efficiency , Smartphone , Life cycle costs , LCC , Climate change , Industrial ecolgy , Life cycle assessment , LCA , Material efficiency , Smartphone , Life cycle costs , LCC , industrial ecology , life cycle assessment (LCA) , life cycle costs (LCC) , General Environmental Science , General Social Sciences , SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production , SDG 13 - Climate Action , SDG 9 - Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure , Funding Info , This work has been financially supported by the European Commission through the Administrative Agreement N. 070201/2015/SI2.719458/ENV.A.1, signed by DG ENV and DG JRC. , This work has been financially supported by the European Commission through the Administrative Agreement N. 070201/2015/SI2.719458/ENV.A.1, signed by DG ENV and DG JRC.
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Cordella , M , Alfieri , F & Sanfelix , J 2021 , ' Reducing the carbon footprint of ICT products through material efficiency strategies: A life cycle analysis of smartphones : A life cycle analysis of smartphones ' , Journal of Industrial Ecology , vol. 25 , no. 2 , pp. 448-464 . https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13119