Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Extraction: Part I

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dc.contributor.authorSun, Tianming
dc.contributor.authorKennedy, Mark William
dc.contributor.authorYurramendi, Lourdes
dc.contributor.authorAldana, Jose L.
dc.contributor.authorDel Rio, Carmen
dc.contributor.authorArnout, Sander
dc.contributor.authorTranell, Gabriella
dc.contributor.authorAune, Ragnhild E.
dc.contributor.institutionVALORIZACIÓN DE RESIDUOS
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-24T12:04:17Z
dc.date.available2024-07-24T12:04:17Z
dc.date.issued2017-12-01
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2017, The Author(s).
dc.description.abstractApatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, concentrate from LKAB in Kiruna, Sweden, has been characterized and pyrometallurgically treated using (i) silicon metal and fluxes to extract phosphorus and transition metals at 1600 °C (Part I publication), and (ii) carbon to extract phosphorus without fluxing at temperatures exceeding 1800 °C (Part II publication), with the ultimate objective to recover rare earth elements from the resulting slag/residue phases. A variety of methods (SEM/EDS, EPMA, DTA-TGA, Sessile drop, ICP-MS/OES, and XRD) have been used for the characterization and analysis of both the concentrate and reaction products. Elemental deportment, except for the rare earth metals, is broadly in line with the equilibrium thermodynamic predictions performed using HSC Chemistry®. Phase diagrams were predicted using FactSage® and a custom phosphate database to explain the observed melting/fluxing behaviors.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to thank their coparticipants in this EU-funded project (Grant FP7-603564—REEcover) for their assistance during the performance of the present work. Concerning apatite concentrate characterization in Chapter II, thanks are offered to: J.R. Tolchard for his help during the XRD analyses; Y. Yu and M.P. Raanes for their advice and work with SEM–EDS and EPMA; T. Anzjøn and S. Bao for their help with the wetting and DTA-TGA-MS analyses; and T. Schanche and D. Leroy for their experimental assistance. The primary author also would like to offer his thanks to the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for funding his Ph.D. research. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank their copartic-ipants in this EU-funded project (Grant FP7-603564—REEcover) for their assistance during the performance of the present work. Concerning apatite concentrate characterization in Chapter II, thanks are offered to: J.R. Tolchard for his help during the XRD analyses; Y. Yu and M.P. Raanes for their advice and work with SEM–EDS and EPMA; T. Anzjøn and S. Bao for their help with the wetting and DTA-TGA-MS analyses; and T. Schanche and D. Leroy for their experimental assistance. The primary author also would like to offer his thanks to the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for funding his Ph.D. research.
dc.description.statusPeer reviewed
dc.format.extent17
dc.identifier.citationSun , T , Kennedy , M W , Yurramendi , L , Aldana , J L , Del Rio , C , Arnout , S , Tranell , G & Aune , R E 2017 , ' Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Extraction : Part I ' , Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy , vol. 3 , no. 4 , pp. 829-845 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-017-0140-6
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s40831-017-0140-6
dc.identifier.issn2199-3823
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11556/3437
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064171396&partnerID=8YFLogxK
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Sustainable Metallurgy
dc.relation.projectIDChinese Scholarship Council
dc.relation.projectIDFP7 Environment, ENVIRONMENT, FP7-603564 – REEcover
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.keywordsApatite
dc.subject.keywordsPhosphorus
dc.subject.keywordsREE
dc.subject.keywordsRare earth
dc.subject.keywordsSilicon
dc.subject.keywordsSmelting
dc.subject.keywordsEnvironmental Science (miscellaneous)
dc.subject.keywordsMechanics of Materials
dc.subject.keywordsMetals and Alloys
dc.titlePyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Extraction: Part Ien
dc.typejournal article
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