Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Recovery: Part II

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dc.contributor.authorKennedy, Mark William
dc.contributor.authorSun, Tianming
dc.contributor.authorYurramendi, Lourdes
dc.contributor.authorArnout, Sander
dc.contributor.authorAune, Ragnhild E.
dc.contributor.authorTranell, Gabriella
dc.contributor.institutionVALORIZACIÓN DE RESIDUOS
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-24T12:03:58Z
dc.date.available2024-07-24T12:03:58Z
dc.date.issued2017-12-01
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2017, The Author(s).
dc.description.abstractApatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, is a useful raw material for the production of both elemental phosphorus and phosphoric acid, and the mine tailings present at Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) in Kiruna, Sweden, represent a significant potential European source of apatite if upgraded to a concentrate. In the present study, pilot apatite concentrate made from the LKAB tailings has been pyrometallurgically treated using carbon to extract phosphorus without fluxing at temperatures exceeding 1800 °C, with the ultimate objective of recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from the resulting slag/residue phases. Experimental behavior has been modeled using equilibrium thermodynamic predictions performed using HSC®. A process is proposed, and mass–energy balance presented, for the simultaneous production of P4 and CaC2 (ultimately for acetylene, C2H2, and PVC production) from apatite, producing a lime residue significantly enriched in REEs. Possible implications to kiln-based processing of apatite are also discussed.en
dc.description.sponsorshipAcknowledgements The authors would like to thank their co-participants in this EU-funded project (Grant FP7-603564—REE-cover) for their assistance in performing the present work. Thanks are given to J.R. Tolchard for help during the XRD analyses and D. Slizovskiy for experimental assistance. The second author would also like to thank the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for funding his PhD research.
dc.description.statusPeer reviewed
dc.format.extent12
dc.identifier.citationKennedy , M W , Sun , T , Yurramendi , L , Arnout , S , Aune , R E & Tranell , G 2017 , ' Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Recovery : Part II ' , Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy , vol. 3 , no. 4 , pp. 846-857 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-017-0148-y
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s40831-017-0148-y
dc.identifier.issn2199-3823
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11556/3405
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064177412&partnerID=8YFLogxK
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Sustainable Metallurgy
dc.relation.projectIDChinese Scholarship Council
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.keywordsApatite
dc.subject.keywordsIHP
dc.subject.keywordsImproved hard process
dc.subject.keywordsPhosphorus
dc.subject.keywordsRare earth
dc.subject.keywordsREE
dc.subject.keywordsSmelting
dc.subject.keywordsEnvironmental Science (miscellaneous)
dc.subject.keywordsMechanics of Materials
dc.subject.keywordsMetals and Alloys
dc.titlePyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Recovery: Part IIen
dc.typejournal article
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