Evoked sensations with transcutaneous electrical stimulation with different frequencies, waveforms, and electrode configurations
dc.contributor.author | Imatz-Ojanguren, Eukene | |
dc.contributor.author | Keller, Thierry | |
dc.contributor.author | Imatz‐Ojanguren, Eukene | |
dc.contributor.institution | Medical Technologies | |
dc.contributor.institution | Tecnalia Research & Innovation | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-01 | |
dc.description | Publisher Copyright: © 2022 International Center for Artificial Organ and Transplantation (ICAOT) and Wiley Periodicals LLC. | |
dc.description.abstract | Background: Current Perception Threshold (CPT) is a technique used for diagnostic purposes that applies sinusoidal currents transcutaneously at 5 Hz, 250 Hz, and 2KHz to preferentially excite C, Aδ, and Aβ afferent nerve fibers correspondingly. This fact may be interesting for evoking different electrotactile sensations for a wide variety of applications. Methods: Sensations evoked by 5 Hz, 250 Hz, and 2KHz frequencies; sinusoidal, square, and 250 μs-pulsed waveforms; and conventional and concentric electrode configurations were analyzed in 19 healthy volunteers. Stimuli were applied in the dorsum of the hand in a double-blind manner and CPTs were defined based on participants' verbal feedback. After each stimulus participants filled in a form with sensation modality, irradiation, intensity, and emotion descriptors. Results: The frequency showed a significant effect on the four domains of evoked sensations and the waveform showed a significant effect on the modality domain. For most waveform and electrode configuration combinations, 5 Hz evoked mostly a low-intensity prickling sensation; 250 Hz mostly evoked an uncomfortable medium-intensity tingling sensation; and 2KHz mostly evoked a low-intensity tingling sensation. No thermal or noxious sensations were evoked. A significant interaction effect was only found between the frequency and the waveform factors. The electrode configuration did not show either a significant effect on the evoked sensations or an interaction effect with the frequency or waveform type. Conclusions: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation may evoke different sensations at different frequencies due to the preferential activation of different fiber types. The results of these analysis could be used to enhance human-machine/computer-interaction systems based on electrotactile feedback. | en |
dc.description.sponsorship | This research was supported by grants of the Basque Government through the EXAMINA project (KK‐2019/00047). The authors want to thank Gabriel Gaminde Perez and Igone Idigoras for their technical support during the study and to the volunteers for their participation. | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | |
dc.format.extent | 12 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Imatz-Ojanguren , E , Keller , T & Imatz‐Ojanguren , E 2023 , ' Evoked sensations with transcutaneous electrical stimulation with different frequencies, waveforms, and electrode configurations ' , Artificial Organs , vol. 47 , no. 1 , pp. 117-128 . https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.14400 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/aor.14400 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0160-564X | |
dc.identifier.other | researchoutputwizard: 11556/1414 | |
dc.identifier.url | http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138368739&partnerID=8YFLogxK | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Artificial Organs | |
dc.relation.projectID | Eusko Jaurlaritza, KK‐2019/00047 | |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess | |
dc.subject.keywords | CPT | |
dc.subject.keywords | evoked sensation | |
dc.subject.keywords | perception | |
dc.subject.keywords | transcutaneous electrical stimulation | |
dc.subject.keywords | waveform | |
dc.subject.keywords | Evoked sensation | |
dc.subject.keywords | Perception | |
dc.subject.keywords | Transcutaneous electrical stimulation | |
dc.subject.keywords | Waveform | |
dc.subject.keywords | Bioengineering | |
dc.subject.keywords | Medicine (miscellaneous) | |
dc.subject.keywords | Biomaterials | |
dc.subject.keywords | Biomedical Engineering | |
dc.subject.keywords | Funding Info | |
dc.subject.keywords | This research was supported by grants of the Basque Government through the EXAMINA project (KK‐2019/00047). The authors want to thank Gabriel Gaminde Perez and Igone Idigoras for their technical support during the study and to the volunteers for their participation. | |
dc.subject.keywords | This research was supported by grants of the Basque Government through the EXAMINA project (KK‐2019/00047). The authors want to thank Gabriel Gaminde Perez and Igone Idigoras for their technical support during the study and to the volunteers for their participation. | |
dc.title | Evoked sensations with transcutaneous electrical stimulation with different frequencies, waveforms, and electrode configurations | en |
dc.type | journal article |