Browsing by Keyword "simulation"
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Item Development and synchronisation of a physics-based model for heating, ventilation and air conditioning system integrated into a hybrid model(2021) Gálvez, Antonio; Seneviratne, Dammika; Galar, Diego; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; INDUSTRY_THINGSThis paper proposes a physics-based model which is part of a hybrid model (HyM). The physics-based model is developed for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system installed in a passenger train carriage. This model will be used to generate data for building a data-driven mode. Thus, the combination of these two models provides the hybrid model-based approach (HyMAs). The physics-based model of the HVAC system is divided into four principal parts: cooling subsystems, heating subsystems, ventilation subsystems, and vehicle thermal networking. First, the subsystems are modelled, considering the sensors embedded in the real system. Next, the model is synchronised with the real system to give better simulation results and validate the model. The cooling subsystem, heating subsystem and ventilation subsystem are validated with the acceptable sum square error (SSE) results. Second, the new virtual sensors are defined in the model, and their value to future research is suggested.Item Improvement of the design process of matrix converter platforms using the switching state matrix averaging simulation method(2012-01) Ibarra, Edorta; Kortabarria, Iñigo; Andreu, Jon; De Alegría, Iñigo Martínez; Martin, José Luis; Ibañez, Pedro; SGThe matrix converter (MC) is arousing considerable attention as an alternative for conventional ac/ac converters due to the advantages it offers. However, the control and modulation of this converter is complex. This, together with the fact that the MC usually operates at high modulation frequencies, makes the computational load of the platform to be simulated excessively high. All this makes the simulation time of models including the MC excessively long, even more so when both the transient and steady state of the system must be analyzed. This paper presents a new MC simulation technique called Switching State Matrix Averaging (SSMA). Although this is a fixed-step technique, a long simulation step can be used without forfeiting the accuracy of an ideal variable-step simulation. Likewise, the SSMA drastically speeds up the simulation, reducing the amount of required resources and the tuning time of the complex platforms in which the MC is used. A series of simulations has been performed in order to verify the proposed method. Moreover, a comparison between experimental and simulation results has been made, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.Item Lamellar Spacing Modelling for LPBF Aluminum Parts(2022-12) Anglada, Eva; García, José Carlos; Arrue, Mario; Cearsolo, Xabier; Garmendia, Iñaki; CIRMETALThe high cooling rates reached during metal additive manufacturing (MAM) generate microstructures very different from those obtained by other conventional manufacturing methods. Therefore, research about the modeling of this type of microstructure is of great interest to the MAM community. In this work, the prediction of the lamellar spacing of an AlSi10Mg sample manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), is presented. A multiscale approach is used, combining a CALPHAD (Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry) model to predict the material properties, with a macroscale model of the sample manufacturing and with a microscale model to predict the microstructure. The manufacturing and metallographic characterization of the sample is also included. The results prove that the multiscale strategy followed is a valid approximation to simulate this type of manufacturing process. In addition, it is shown that the use of a generic simulation software focused on metal casting processes can be useful in predicting the lamellar spacing of the microstructure manufactured by LPBF. Finally, the relationship between the cooling rate and the resulting lamellar spacing has been established for this AlSi10Mg under the specific manufacturing conditions considered.Item Monitoring, modelling and simulation of bifacial PV modules over normal and high albedos(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020-09-27) Bouchakour, Salim; Caballero, Daniel Valencia; Luna, Alvaro; Medina, Eduardo Roman; Boudjelthia, El Amin Kouadri; Cortes, Pedro Rodriguez; SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOSThis paper explains the modelling and simulation of we modeled and simulate the power output of bifacial PV modules installed over different albedos using monofacial PV performance models (analytical and empirical). The analytical model and empirical models were evaluated using experimental data obtained from the testbed consisting of three bifacial PV arrays mounted in the same configuration but with different rear irradiance conditions: (1) backside covered by white plastic, (2) over normal albedo, and (3) over high albedo. The models use the measured effective solar irradiances and the PV module temperatures to simulate the power output in a healthy condition; they were adapted to bifacial modules by introducing the irradiance bifacial gain in the models' equations. The results of the comparison showed that both models achieved good performance to simulate the instantaneous output of the PV arrays. Daily energy relative errors during sunny days were much less than overcast days, or about 1% for both models, excluding the shading effect. However, compared to the empirical model, the analytical model achieved better performances considering the bifaciality of the PV modules. In addition, the error for the entire monitored period (74 days during March, April, and May 2020) was less than 1.5% for the analytical model, including sunny and cloudy days; such high accuracy in the energy output forecast shows that the analytical model can accurately predict the generation of bifacial PV modules under different skies conditions.Item Towards holistic power distribution system validation and testing—an overview and discussion of different possibilities(2017-02-01) Strasser, Thomas; Pröstl Andrén, Filip; Lauss, Georg; Bründlinger, Roland; Brunner, Helfried; Moyo, Cyndi; Seitl, Christian; Rohjans, Sebastian; Lehnhoff, Sebastian; Palensky, Peter; Kotsampopoulos, Panos; Hatziargyriou, Nikos; Arnold, Gunter; Heckmann, Wolfram; Jong, Erik; Verga, Maurizio; Franchioni, Giorgio; Martini, Luciano; Kosek, Anna; Gehrke, Oliver; Bindner, Henrik; Coffele, Federico; Burt, Graeme; Calin, Mihai; Rodriguez-Seco, Emilio; POWER SYSTEMSRenewable energy sources are key enablers to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and to cope with the anthropogenic global warming. Their intermittent behaviour and limited storage capabilities present challenges to power system operators in maintaining the high level of power quality and reliability. However, the increased availability of advanced automation and communication technologies has provided new intelligent solutions to face these challenges. Previous work has presented various new methods to operate highly interconnected power grids with corresponding components in a more effective way. As a consequence of these developments the traditional power system is transformed into a cyber-physical system, a smart grid. Previous and ongoing research activities have mainly focused on validating certain aspects of smart grids, but until now no integrated approach for analysing and evaluating complex configurations in a cyber-physical systems manner is available. This paper tackles this issue and addresses system validation approaches for smart grids. Different approaches for different stages in the design, development, and roll-out phase of smart grid solutions and components are discussed. Finally, future research directions are analysed.