Browsing by Keyword "modelling"
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Item Changes of solar cell parameters during damp-heat exposure(2016-10-01) Zhu, Jiang; Koehl, Michael; Hoffmann, Stephan; Berger, Karl Anton; Zamini, Shokufeh; Bennett, Ian; Gerritsen, Eric; Malbranche, Philippe; Pugliatti, Paola; Di Stefano, Agnese; Aleo, Francesco; Bertani, Dario; Paletta, Fabrizio; Roca, Francesco; Graditi, Giorgio; Pellegrino, Michele; Zubillaga, Oihana; Cano, F.J.; Pozza, Alberto; Sample, Tony; Gottschalg, Ralph; Iranzo, F. J.Cano; SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOS; SGThe electrical ageing of photovoltaic modules during extended damp-heat tests at different stress levels is investigated for three types of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules with different backsheets, encapsulants and cell types. Deploying different stress levels allows determination of an equivalent stress dose function, which is a first step towards a lifetime prediction of devices. The derived humidity dose is used to characterise the degradation of power as well as that of the solar cell's equivalent circuit parameters calculated from measured current–voltage characteristics. An application of this to the samples demonstrates different modes in the degradation and thus enables better understanding of the module's underlying ageing mechanisms. The analysis of changes in the solar cell equivalent circuit parameters identified the primary contributors to the power degradation and distinguished the potential ageing mechanism for each types of module investigated in this paper. © 2016 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2016 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Item Urban climate multi-scale modelling in Bilbao (Spain): a review: A review(2015) Acero, Juan A.; Kupski, Sebastian; Arrizabalaga, Jon; Katzschner, Lutz; Tecnalia Research & InnovationDespite development of cities are including more sustainable aspects (e.g. reduction of energy consumption), urban climate still needs to be consolidated as an important variable in urban planning. In this sense, the analysis of urban climate requires a multiscale approach. This work presents a review of the results of the analysis of urban climate in Bilbao (Spain). In the meso-scale, an Urban Climate Map (UC-Map) is developed using a method based on GIS calculations, specific climatic measurements and urban climate expert knowledge. All the information is grouped in 5 information layers (building volume, building surface fraction, urban green areas, ventilation paths and slopes). The final UC-Map presents areas with relative homogeneous climate variables (i.e. climatopes) that are classified in terms of thermal comfort. Urban planning recommendations are defined. In the micro-scale, results extracted from ENVI-met model in four urban spaces show the influence in thermal comfort levels of the interaction of regional climate conditions with the urban development characteristics of each area and the location inside the whole city. In both spatial scales, climate modelling should be accompanied by specific measurement campaigns to validate results.