Browsing by Keyword "Standardization"
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Item Analysis and Application of Normalization Methods with Supervised Feature Weighting to Improve K-means Accuracy(Springer Verlag, 2020) Niño-Adan, Iratxe; Landa-Torres, Itziar; Portillo, Eva; Manjarres, Diana; Martínez Álvarez, Francisco; Troncoso Lora, Alicia; Quintián, Héctor; Sáez Muñoz, José António; Corchado, Emilio; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; IANormalization methods are widely employed for transforming the variables or features of a given dataset. In this paper three classical feature normalization methods, Standardization (St), Min-Max (MM) and Median Absolute Deviation (MAD), are studied in different synthetic datasets from UCI repository. An exhaustive analysis of the transformed features’ ranges and their influence on the Euclidean distance is performed, concluding that knowledge about the group structure gathered by each feature is needed to select the best normalization method for a given dataset. In order to effectively collect the features’ importance and adjust their contribution, this paper proposes a two-stage methodology for normalization and supervised feature weighting based on a Pearson correlation coefficient and on a Random Forest Feature Importance estimation method. Simulations on five different datasets reveal that our two-stage proposed methodology, in terms of accuracy, outperforms or at least maintains the K-means performance obtained if only normalization is applied.Item Application of standardization for the design and construction of carbon nanotube-based product pilot lines in compliance with EU regulation on machinery(2019-10-17) López de Ipiña, Jesús M; Florez, Sonia; Seddon, Richard; Chapartegui, Maialen; Hernan, Angel; Insunza, Mario; Vavouliotis, Antonios; Koutsoukis, Gregorios; Latko-Durałek, Paulina; Durałek, Paweł; Perez, Pilar; Gutierrez-Cañas, Cristina; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; SMART_MON; POLIMEROSThe "PLATFORM" manufacturing ecosystem for pilot production of pre-commercial CNT-based nano-enabled products, consists of three pilot lines (PPLs) for the manufacture of buckypapers, doped prepregs and doped veils. The PPLs have been constructed with the ultimate goal to commercialize these products in the European market in 2020/2022.This goal requires having the PPLs in compliance with the applicable product safety regulation by that date (CE marking). The main EU regulation for new machinery (as the PPLs) is the Directive 2006/42/EC on Machinery (MD). This Directive sets out the general mandatory Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) related to the design and construction of machinery, while particular technical specifications for fulfilling them are provided in European harmonized standards. Application of harmonized standards is voluntary but confers a presumption of conformity with the EHSRs they cover. The PPLs are unique machines for own use and must comply with the MD before they are put into service, in 2020/2022. But the MD does not provide specific EHSRs for nanosafety and no harmonized standards are available in this field for the safe design of the PPLs. In this context, this paper shows the standardization strategy followed by the project PLATFORM (GA 646307) to design the PPLs in compliance with the EHSR referred to the risks to health resulting from hazardous substances emitted by machinery (MD, Annex I, EHSR 1.5.13). In the absence of nanosafety harmonized standards to satisfy the aforementioned EHSR, the design and design verification of the PPLs were carried out through A & B - type harmonized standards (e.g. EN ISO 12100, EN ISO 14123-1/2), and other European and international standards.Item Towards Semantic Interoperability Standards based on Ontologies(2019-10) Baqa, Hamza; Bauer, Martin; Bilbao, Sonia; Corchero, Aitor; Daniele, Laura; Esnaola, Iker; Fernández, Izaskun; Frånberg, Östen; García-Castro, Raúl; Girod-Genet, Marc; Guillemin, Patrick; Gyrard, Amélie; El Kaed, Charbel; Kung, Antonio; Lee, Jaeho; Lefrançois, Maxime; Li, Wenbin; Raggett, Dave; Wetterwald, Michelle; BIGDATAThe paper is structured as follows: Section 2 introduces semantic interoperability and its benefits; Section 3 provides industry requirements for semantic interoperability practice; Section 4 describes various initiatives for ontology-driven interoperability; Section 5 explains the various life cycles for ontology-driven interoperability; and finally, Section 6 provides recommendations on ontology-based semantic interoperability.