Browsing by Keyword "Risk Assessment"
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Item Dynamic Risk Assessment and Certification in the Power Grid: A Collaborative Approach(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Liatifis, Athanasios; Alcazar, Pedro Ruzafa; Grammatikis, Panagiotis Radoglou; Papamartzivanos, Dimitris; Menesidou, Sofianna; Krousarlis, Thomas; Alberto, Molinuevo Martin; Angulo, Inaki; Sarigiannidis, Antonios; Lagkas, Thomas; Argyriou, Vasileios; Skarmeta, Antonio; Sarigiannidis, Panagiotis; Clemm, Alexander; Maier, Guido; Machuca, Carmen Mas; Ramakrishnan, K.K.; Risso, Fulvio; Chemouil, Prosper; Limam, Noura; SWT; DIGITAL ENERGYThe digitisation of the typical electrical grid introduces valuable services, such as pervasive control, remote monitoring and self-healing. However, despite the benefits, cybersecurity and privacy issues can result in devastating effects or even fatal accidents, given the interdependence between the energy sector and other critical infrastructures. Large-scale cyber attacks, such as Indostroyer and DragonFly have already demonstrated the weaknesses of the current electrical grid with disastrous consequences. Based on the aforementioned remarks, both academia and industry have already designed various cybersecurity standards, such as IEC 62351. However, dynamic risk assessment and certification remain crucial aspects, given the sensitive nature of the electrical grid. On the one hand, dynamic risk assessment intends to re-compute the risk value of the affected assets and their relationships in a dynamic manner based on the relevant security events and alarms. On the other hand, based on the certification process, new approach for the dynamic management of the security need to be defined in order to provide adaptive reaction to new threats. This paper presents a combined approach, showing how both aspects can be applied in a collaborative manner in the smart electrical grid.Item HOW ARE HEAT WAVES PUTTING AT RISK HISTORIC URBAN AREAS? FIRST STEPS FOR DEVELOPING RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES(University of Cantabria - Building Technology R&D Group, 2022) Quesada-Ganuza, Laura; Garmendia, Leire; Rojí, Eduardo; Álvarez, Irantzu; Briz, Estibaliz; Gandini, Alessandra; Blanco, Haydee; Boffill, Yosbel; Lombillo, Ignacio; LABORATORIO DE TRANSFORMACIÓN URBANAIt is worldwide accepted that climate change is affecting cities and that the conservation of the cultural heritage contributes to sustainable development. However, despite the high level of interest and research in climate-change risks, a holistic understanding of the risk that heat waves and heat urban island phenomena present to urban cultural heritage is noticeably absent from literature. Aside from understanding the impacts that heritage faces with climate change, the consideration of loss of heritage and cultural values and assets due to extreme heat waves will promote the resilience and sustainability of both social and built environmental systems. The aim of this paper is double, first to identify key performance indicators for risk assessment methodologies that address both the elements of historic urban areas as a system and the potential impact of prolonged heat waves. Second, this study aims at developing a categorization for both buildings and urban spaces within historic urban areas regarding their vulnerability to heat waves, which will be the basis for further risk assessment. For this twofold purpose, the interaction between urban spaces, heat waves, and the urban heat island is addressed as well as the vulnerability and behaviour of traditional materials and building typologies. To define the elements that conform historic urban areas, the system is addressed from two perspectives, as an urban system, and as a historic area. At the same time, for a holistic approach, every element of the system is assessed, distinguishing between socio-economic, cultural, governance (services and resources) and physical (gathering tangible characteristics of all infrastructures, elements and buildings) aspects. The indicators and categorization are, therefor, essential for the evaluation of the impacts of heat waves and the urban heat island on the elements that conform the system of the historic urban area.Item Towards trustworthy Artificial Intelligence: Security risk assessment methodology for Artificial Intelligence systems(IEEE Computer Society, 2023) Iturbe, Eider; Rios, Erkuden; Toledo, Nerea; CIBERSEC&DLTThe digitalization and smartization of modern digital systems include the implementation and integration of emerging innovative technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence. By incorporating new technologies, the surface attack of the system also expands, and specialized cybersecurity mechanisms and tools are required to counter the potential new threats. This paper introduces a holistic security risk assessment methodology that aims to assist Artificial Intelligence system stakeholders guarantee the correct design and implementation of technical robustness in Artificial Intelligence systems. The methodology is designed to facilitate the automation of the security risk assessment of Artificial Intelligence components together with the rest of the system components. Supporting the methodology, the solution to the automation of Artificial Intelligence risk assessment is also proposed. Both the methodology and the tool will be validated when assessing and treating risks on Artificial Intelligence-based cybersecurity solutions integrated in modern digital industrial systems that leverage emerging technologies such as cloud continuum including Software-defined networking (SDN).