Browsing by Keyword "Resilience"
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Item Climate change risk assessment for the historic city(University of Cantabria - Building Technology R&D Group, 2016) Gandini, Alessandra; Garmendia, Leire; Lasarte, Natalia; San Mateos, Rosa; Villegas, Luis; Lombillo, Ignacio; Blanco, Haydee; Boffill, Yosbel; LABORATORIO DE TRANSFORMACIÓN URBANA; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; E&I SEGURAS Y RESILIENTESCities accommodate around three quarters of the population, a share which is expected to increase in the next future, concentrate major economic and innovative assets and, for these reasons, are becoming the focus of the fight against climate change. Historic centres are key pillars of their economy, contribute to welfare and quality of life and represent the expression of human culture. Impacts of climate change on historic cities are still uncertain, as they depend on the nature, specific characteristics, inherent vulnerability and geographical environment of the site. Historic cities are requested to adapt to climate change by developing resilient aptitudes to external attacks, such as extreme temperatures, precipitations, floods, landslides, storms and anthropogenic threats. The combination of multi risk assessment and climatic projections is essential for the establishment of the vulnerability of these complex systems, in order to guarantee effective management and adaptation measures, both at urban and building level. Conservation practices require for new holistic and adaptive strategies based on risks indicators with the objective of reducing losses and damages to cultural heritage towards new arising challenges. Aware of the increasing concern of climate change, this paper describes the on-going research activities on a comprehensive methodology for cultural heritage risk assessment for the subsequent implementation of solutions and strategies for the management, protection and adaptation of historic cities.Item Cyber Hygiene Maturity Assessment Framework for Smart Grid Scenarios(2021-03-10) Skarga-Bandurova, Inna; Kotsiuba, Igor; Velasco, Erkuden Rios; CIBERSEC&DLTCyber hygiene is a relatively new paradigm premised on the idea that organizations and stakeholders are able to achieve additional robustness and overall cybersecurity strength by implementing and following sound security practices. It is a preventive approach entailing high organizational culture and education for information cybersecurity to enhance resilience and protect sensitive data. In an attempt to achieve high resilience of Smart Grids against negative impacts caused by different types of common, predictable but also uncommon, unexpected, and uncertain threats and keep entities safe, the Secure and PrivatE smArt gRid (SPEAR) Horizon 2020 project has created an organization-wide cyber hygiene policy and developed a Cyber Hygiene Maturity assessment Framework (CHMF). This article presents the assessment framework for evaluating Cyber Hygiene Level (CHL) in relation to the Smart Grids. Complementary to the SPEAR Cyber Hygiene Maturity Model (CHMM), we propose a self-assessment methodology based on a questionnaire for Smart Grid cyber hygiene practices evaluation. The result of the assessment can be used as a cyber-health check to define countermeasures and to reapprove cyber hygiene rules and security standards and specifications adopted by the Smart Grid operator organization. The proposed methodology is one example of a resilient approach to cybersecurity. It can be applied for the assessment of the CHL of Smart Grids operating organizations with respect to a number of recommended good practices in cyber hygiene.Item Design solutions to improve resilience of metro vehicle to blast events(2018-12) El Koursi, El Miloudi; Bruyelle, Jean Luc; Seddon, Richard; O'Neill, Conor; POLIMEROSConsiderable effort is being devoted by researchers and stakeholders in order to improve the safety of metro systems with regard to terrorist attacks. The issue has been addressed by many researchers, taking into account the bow-tie model of safety management, in which the node is the terrorist attack, with on one side the causes of the attack (e.g. political issues, technical weaknesses) and on the other side the consequences (e.g. human, organisational, economical). The common goal is to implement a line of defence to isolate these causes and consequences, in order to prevent the attack from occurring and, should it happen, to mitigate its consequences as much as possible. This work takes into account the identified common attack methodologies and the behaviour of the surviving passengers in order to improve the situation management, assist the evacuation of and rescue to survivors. Moreover, technological improvements to the structure and critical systems of the vehicle have been devised and tested in real situation. This paper focuses particularly on the behaviour of people in blast situation, and presents the conclusions of the project on these effects and the related improvements of the vehicles design in order to improve resilience and survivability to blast.Item Runoff Water Management on Karstic Terrain and Stability of Slopes and Foundations in Northern Spain(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Collazos Arias, F.; Mas Bahillo, J. C.; Castro-Fresno, D.; Rodriguez-Hernandez, J.; Blanco-Fernandez, E.; Castanon-Jano, L.; Garcia-Sanchez, D.; Beltran Hernando, I.; Tutumluer, Erol; Nazarian, Soheil; Al-Qadi, Imad; Qamhia, Issam I. A.; E&I SEGURAS Y RESILIENTESThis communication analyzes the latest experiences in slope and foundation drainage and runoff water management to improve resilience in roadway infrastructures. The actions resulted from temporary rain and adverse weather conditions during the months of January and February 2012 and 2013, which caused singular damage to several road slopes in Northern Spain. The objective of the repair was to restore road safety and road stability. Regarding runoff water, heavy rains cause loose and scattered stone movements along the slopes of the La Hermida Gorge and in the limestone rocky massifs that make up the Gorge. There are also many karst caves exiting that load their levels to the fullest and produce impressive waterfalls on the road. The energy of these waterfalls was dissipated, and the water curtain was channeled into the Deva River through an innovative solution. With regard to the drainage of slopes and foundations, the action carried out on the slope of the A-8 motorway includes its stabilization by biological engineering. All the actions presented in this article have proven to be valid throughout the last year of road operation. Furthermore, the monitoring system used in full-scale tests for dynamic barriers according to ETAG-27 is reliable to better understand the force transmission mechanism and also for future design purposes.