Browsing by Keyword "Photovoltaic"
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Item Development of a resistivity standard for polymeric materials used in photovoltaic modules(SPIE, 2015) Kempe, Michael D.; Miller, David C.; Nobles, Dylan L.; Sakurai, Keiichiro; Tucker, John; Bokria, Jayesh G.; Shioda, Tsuyoshi; Nanjundiah, Kumar; Yoshihara, Toshio; Birchmier, Jeff; Zubillaga, Oihana; Wohlgemuth, John H.; Dhere, Neelkanth G.; Jones-Albertus, Rebecca; Wohlgemuth, John H.; SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOSPhotovoltaic (PV) modules, operate at high voltages and elevated temperatures, and are known to degrade because of leakage current to ground. Related degradation processes may include: electric/ionic corrosion, electrochemical deposition, electromigration, and/or charge build-up in thin layers. The use of polymeric materials with a high resistivity is known to reduce the rate of potential induced degradation processes. Because of this, PV materials suppliers are placing increased importance on the encapsulant bulk resistivity, but there is no universally accepted method for making this measurement. The development of a resistivity test standard is described in this paper. We have performed a number of exploratory and round-robin tests to establish a representative and reproducible method for determining the bulk resistivity of polymeric materials, including encapsulation, backsheet, edge seals, and adhesives. The duration of measurement has been shown to greatly affect the results, e.g., an increase as great as 100X was seen for different measurement times. The standard has been developed using measurements alternating between an on and off voltage state with a weighted averaging function and cycle times of an hour.Item Shared Self-Consumption Economic Analysis for a Residential Energy Community(IEEE, 2019-09) Alvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Merino, Julia; Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesus; Castano-Solis, Sandra; Jimenez, David; Tecnalia Research & InnovationSelf-consumption is a growing public demand in an energy environment with growing electricity costs and decreasing photovoltaic installation costs. Shared self-consumption is an imperative aspect for bringing self-consumption into Multi-Family Residential Buildings (MRB), where most families live. Nevertheless, current legislation in most countries does not consider shared self-consumption or does not exploit its full potential; such is the case of Spain or Portugal. This paper will present a novel optimization problem for studying the economics of a shared self-consumption installation in a MRB (composed of five family demands, a PV installation and a battery) with the aim of reducing the total bill of the MRB during an entire year. The impact on energy communities of two different types of energy policies is analysed: the remuneration scheme for the surplus energy (net metering, net billing, and exclusive self-consumption policies) and the regulation for shared self-generated energy (demand-dependent, proportional output and no sharing). It is found that the regulation for the sharing energy can be more important that the remuneration scheme, which has been the traditional target of the self-consumption policy.