Browsing by Keyword "Nutrition and Dietetics"
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Item Characterisation of the probiotic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K16 and its ability to produce the postbiotic metabolite γ-aminobutyric acid(2022-10) Diez-Gutiérrez, Lucía; San Vicente, Leire; Sáenz, Jessica; Barron, Luis Javier R.; Chávarri, María; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; Alimentación SostenibleLactiplantibacillus plantarum has been widely studied due to its beneficial effects on health such as protect against pathogens, enhance the immune system, or produce metabolites like γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The objective of this study was the evaluation of the GABA-producer L. plantarum K16 isolated from kimchi. The safety and probiotic characterisation of this strain was performed by analysing carbohydrates fermentation, enzymatic activity, antibiotics susceptibility, and haemolytic and antimicrobial activity. Likewise, GABA production was optimised following a one-factor-at-a-time procedure by changing relevant fermentation parameters like incubation temperature, yeast extract concentration and fermentation time. The results indicated that L. plantarum K16 has the potential to stimulate the digestion and absorption of several nutrients and it could have an inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria. The best results for GABA production by this strain was around 1000 mg/L, using 12 g/L of yeast extract, 34 °C of incubation temperature and 96 h of fermentation time.Item Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers of Obesity and Obesity-Associated Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review: A systematic review(2019-12) Oses, Maddi; Margareto Sanchez, Javier; Portillo, Maria P.; Aguilera, Concepción María; Labayen, Idoia; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; GenéticaEarly detection of obesity and its associated comorbidities in children needs priority for the development of effective therapeutic intervention. Circulating miRNAs (microRNAs) have been proposed as biomarkers for obesity and its comorbidities; therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize results of studies that have quantified the profile of miRNAs in children and adolescents with obesity and/or associated disorders. Nine studies aiming to examine differences in miRNA expression levels between children with normal weight and obesity or between obese children with or without cardiometabolic diseases were included in this review. We identified four miRNAs overexpressed in obesity (miR-222, miR-142–3, miR-140-5p, and miR-143) and two miRNAs (miR-122 and miR-34a) overexpressed in children with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or insulin resistance. In conclusion, circulating miRNAs are promising diagnostic biomarkers of obesity-associated diseases such as NAFLD and type 2 diabetes already in childhood. However, more studies in children, using massive search technology and with larger sample sizes, are required to draw any firm conclusions.Item Gamma-aminobutyric acid and probiotics: Multiple health benefits and their future in the global functional food and nutraceuticals market: Multiple health benefits and their future in the global functional food and nutraceuticals market(2020-01) Diez-Gutiérrez, Lucía; San Vicente, Leire; R. Barrón, Luis Javier; Villarán, María del Carmen; Chávarri, María; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; Alimentación SostenibleProbiotics have attracted growing interest in recent decades due to their multiple health benefits. The synergistic relationship between probiotics and prebiotics can enhance the production of metabolites called postbiotics, which are gaining increasing importance because of their beneficial functions in the gastrointestinal tract and their influence on different organs and tissues. Notable among the postbiotics is gamma-aminobutyric acid, which plays an essential role in the prevention of neural disease, type 1 diabetes, cancer, immunological disorders and asthma. Generally, gamma-aminobutyric acid is produced by lactic acid bacteria, which under certain conditions can produce a high amount of this amino acid. The food industry has leveraged this capacity to develop functional foods enriched with gamma-aminobutyric acid.Item Grape polyphenols supplementation for exercise-induced oxidative stress(2021-12) Elejalde, Edurne; Villarán, Mari Carmen; Alonso, Rosa María; Alimentación SostenibleExercise induces free radicals’ overproduction and therefore, an enhancement of oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the intrinsic antioxidant defense. Redox activity of reactive species plays an important and a positive role on exercise adaptation, but these species at very high concentrations have detrimental effects. As a result, the use of antioxidant supplements for reducing oxidative stress can be an effective health strategy to maintain an optimal antioxidant status. In this sense, grapes are an important source of natural antioxidants due to their high content in polyphenols. They have shown antioxidant potential benefits for the reduction of intense exercise effect in athletes of different sport disciplines. Consequently, it is plausible to hypothesize that a strategic supplementation with grape based products may be a good approach to mitigate the exercise induced oxidative stress. The goal of this review is to present the state of the art of supplementation effects with grape beverages and grape extracts on the oxidative stress markers in athletes. The data of polyphenolic dosages, participant characteristics and exercise protocols are reported.