Browsing by Keyword "General Mathematics"
Now showing 1 - 20 of 61
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Advanced analytics for modern mining(Springer International Publishing, 2022-02-23) Galar, Diego; Kumar, Uday; Tecnalia Research & InnovationTechnology is growing very fast, and we are facing the Fourth Revolution in industry. Digital transformation has found its way in to many different traditional and modern industries. Digitalization and automation are two common words in mining these days. However, there are many challenges in the mining industry to reach the appropriate maturity level for Industry 4.0. Data collection systems, cloud-based storage, intelligent data architecture, creating online data hubs are some examples of digitalization challenges. Moreover, it is essential to use advanced analytics models applying artificial intelligence and machine learning models for automation, prediction, and optimization. Mine managers need an intelligent indigent virtual assistant to make better decisions and develop smart mines. This chapter some key components of intelligent mining and helps researchers understand Industry 4.0 in the mining context.Item Agile Development and Operation of Complex Systems in Multi-technology and Multi-company Environments: Following a DevOps Approach(Springer Verlag, 2018) Benguria, Gorka; Alonso, Juncal; Etxaniz, Iñaki; Orue-Echevarria, Leire; Escalante, Marisa; Messnarz, Richard; Larrucea, Xabier; Santamaria, Izaskun; O’Connor, Rory V.; HPA; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; CIBERSEC&DLTBig innovation and research projects usually require merging contributions form organizations with expertise in different domains. Managing and participating in multi-company projects that use multiple state-of-the-art technologies constitute a challenging activity due to many factors such as integration inexperience, evolving components, tentative requirements, independent teams or independent management centers. In the late nineties and in the early years of 2000, several methodologies arose with the focus on fast releases of working software, commonly known as agile, that aimed to address many of the challenges that this kind of projects face. However, in most cases, these methodologies were not fully adoptable as the automation investment was too high and it was not recoverable during the duration of the project. The global servitization trend and the appearance of approaches, such as DevOps, to support the continuous and fast adjustment of those services to stay in business has also impacted innovation and research projects. On one hand, matured technologies that reduce the automation investment have arisen. On the other hand, whenever it makes sense, services which benefit from the application of DevOps approaches are required to be implemented. This paper explains the implementation of DevOps approaches to support the agile development in the context of innovation and research projects. It also describes two practical implementation cases where such approaches were implemented and how they evolved in the course of the time.Item An agile manufacturing system for large workspace applications(Springer Verlag, 2013) Yang, Hai; Baradat, Cédric; Krut, Sébastien; Pierrot, François; MEDIOS DE PRODUCCIÓN Y ROBOTICA; Tecnalia Research & InnovationREMORA aims at offering an agile robotic solution for manufacturing tasks done on very large parts (e.g.: very long and slender parts found in aeronautic industries). For such tasks, classical machine-tools are designed at several tens of meters. Both their construction and operation require huge infrastructure supports. REMORA is a novel lightweight concept and flexible robotic solution that combines the ability of walking and manufacturing. The robot is a mobile manufacturing system which can effectuate operations with good payload capacity and good precisions for large workspace applications. This new concept combines parallel kinematics to ensure high stiffness but low inertia, and mobile robotics to operate in very large workspaces. This results in a machining center of new generation: 1. Agile manufacturing system for large workspace applications; 2. Heavy load and good precisions; 3. 5-axis machining and 5-axis locomotion/clamping; 4. Self-reconfigurable for specific tasks (workspace and force); 5. Flexible and multifunctional (machining, fixture).Item Analyzing a ROS based architecture for its cross reuse in ISO26262 settings(Springer Verlag, 2018) Larrucea, Xabier; González-Nalda, Pablo; Etxeberria-Agiriano, Ismael; Otero, Mari Carmen; Calvo, Isidro; Golfarelli, Matteo; Bellatreche, Ladjel; Jean, Stéphane; Nakamatsu, Kazumi; Ordonez, Carlos; Mery, Dominique; Benslimane, Djamal; Abdelwahed, El Hassan; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe automotive industry is applying the latest technological advances in order to provide safety and security to drivers and pedestrians. In this sense, Robot Operating System (ROS) is used as a middleware to be adapted and deployed in cars. However, ROS has not been tested enough to be used in safety environments. Therefore, this paper reports an analysis of a ROS based architecture running in a prototype. We define a safety case based on the ISO 26262 Safety Element out of Context (SEooC) for its cross reuse, and we generate the required evidences related to the identified characteristics and thresholds. Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) is the notation used for the safety case definition and to argue conformance with respect to ISO 26262.Item Applicability of existing models for the strength development of 3D-printed thixotropic concretes during hardening(2023) Castano-Alvarez, Ruben; Calderon-Uriszar-Aldaca, Iñigo; Marcos, Ignacio; ECOEFICIENCIA DE PRODUCTOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe special properties of 3 D-Printed Concrete in terms of rheology, deposition technology, and dosage substantially modify its mechanical properties after hardening. In this paper, comparisons are drawn between different concrete strength development models specified in the main Building-Codes and Standards and experimental data from tests on various thixotropic mortar mixes suitable for 3DPC. The aim was to develop an empirical procedure to improve the current models, so that their results could predict the properties of the 3DPC bulk materials more closely. An updated set of parameters for the models was obtained via curve-fitting of the models to the experimental data.Item Approach for Enabling Security Across PLC Phases: An Industrial Use Case(Springer Verlag, 2018) Larrucea, Xabier; Nanclares, Félix; Santamaria, Izaskun; Nolasco, Ricardo Ruiz; Messnarz, Richard; Larrucea, Xabier; Santamaria, Izaskun; O’Connor, Rory V.; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; SWTSecurity and safety aspects are tightly related between them, and they are two major issues to be tackle during the development of any system, especially safety critical systems. In fact, these systems are framed in highly regulated domains and they involve a huge set of standards which have been focused on safety related issues. However, security issues have been playing a key role until now. In the context of medical devices, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and The National Institute of Standards and Technology have published special considerations in this sense. This paper extends the assurance cases approach and integrates security aspects. A tool chain is outlined for linking assurance cases and a source code vulnerability analysis tool. This approach is illustrated with an industrial use case.Item Bio-inspired computation: Where we stand and what's next(2019-08) Del Ser, Javier; Osaba, Eneko; Molina, Daniel; Yang, Xin She; Salcedo-Sanz, Sancho; Camacho, David; Das, Swagatam; Suganthan, Ponnuthurai N.; Coello Coello, Carlos A.; Herrera, Francisco; IA; QuantumIn recent years, the research community has witnessed an explosion of literature dealing with the mimicking of behavioral patterns and social phenomena observed in nature towards efficiently solving complex computational tasks. This trend has been especially dramatic in what relates to optimization problems, mainly due to the unprecedented complexity of problem instances, arising from a diverse spectrum of domains such as transportation, logistics, energy, climate, social networks, health and industry 4.0, among many others. Notwithstanding this upsurge of activity, research in this vibrant topic should be steered towards certain areas that, despite their eventual value and impact on the field of bio-inspired computation, still remain insufficiently explored to date. The main purpose of this paper is to outline the state of the art and to identify open challenges concerning the most relevant areas within bio-inspired optimization. An analysis and discussion are also carried out over the general trajectory followed in recent years by the community working in this field, thereby highlighting the need for reaching a consensus and joining forces towards achieving valuable insights into the understanding of this family of optimization techniques.Item Cloud Computing Continuum Research Topics and Challenges. A Multi-source Analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Alonso, Juncal; Orue-Echevarria, Leire; Areizaga, Enrique; Zirpins, Christian; Ortiz, Guadalupe; Nochta, Zoltan; Waldhorst, Oliver; Soldani, Jacopo; Villari, Massimo; Tamburri, Damian; HPA; Tecnalia Research & InnovationWhile the emergence of COVID-19 [1] has put major cloud service providers around the world to the test, the pandemic has also provided a strong impetus for the adoption and deployment of cloud computing: the transition to a remote workforce, entertainment, e-commerce, and especially remote education have affected the cloud industry and how providers are responding to the sudden and significant increase in demand for cloud solutions and services. Obviously, while highlighting the robustness of the public cloud, the pandemic-induced situation also highlights several important research challenges that need to be addressed. This paper presents a multi-source based analysis for the identification of cloud computing research challenges as part of the road mapping methodology followed in the HUB4CLOUD project. The analysis consists of an in-depth study of several sources including analysis of the international context, analysis of academic venues, interviews with relevant stakeholders and existing funded projects. The paper also provides an overview of the main research topics identified and proposes next steps for the utilization of these finding in the development of a Cloud Computing research roadmap.Item Comparing SPI survival studies in small settings(Springer Verlag, 2017) Larrucea, Xabier; Santamaria, Izaskun; O’Connor, Rory V.; Mas, Antonia; Rout, Terry; Mesquida, Antoni; Dorling, Alec; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; SWTSmall organisations have been applying several quality approaches such as CMMI-DEV or ISO/IEC 15504-5 with quite diverse results. In order to build an experience factory we are gathering our experiences in a database containing the assessment results of more than 90 initiatives. This paper provides an empirical comparison of survival analysis for different improvement initiatives in the context of very small entities. We compare the Cox Proportional Hazard Regression models of our 90 initiatives, and we discriminated them by the reference model used: ISO/IEC29110, CMMI-DEV or ITMark.Item Dealing with Privacy for Protecting Information(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Larrucea, Xabier; Santamaria, Izaskun; Yilmaz, Murat; Clarke, Paul; Messnarz, Richard; Reiner, Michael; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; SWTPrivacy is being a trending topic in cybersecurity context not only because it is related to current regulations such as GDPR, but also because it has an impact on every citizen within this digitalized world. In fact, there is a huge number of software systems managing or processing information related to individuals in somehow, and therefore software developments producing these systems must consider specific privacy measures. Privacy by design concept and shift left strategies are considering privacy as a special topic to be treated along the software development project. In this context, Very Small Companies are required to modify their development processes for including privacy. This paper provides a modification of the ISO/IEC 29110 basic profile, a set of activities for designing a privacy preserving approach, and the results of applying differential privacy mechanisms with an illustrative example.Item Dealing with Security in a Real DevOps Environment(Springer Verlag, 2019) Larrucea, Xabier; Berreteaga, Alberto; Santamaria, Izaskun; Walker, Alastair; O’Connor, Rory V.; Messnarz, Richard; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; CIBERSEC&DLT; SWTSecurity is a hot topic in several domains especially in critical infrastructures such as the national health systems. Security practices, methods and tools enhance the resulting final products and services offered to citizens. There is no consensus on how security measures must be included within the DevOps pipeline. This paper provides a DevOps approach for managing security measures along the DevOps pipeline. This approach is based on source code analysis at the integration phase, and it is an initial step for injecting security along the DevOps process. This approach has been developed for a real scenario related to the health sector.Item Designing a Cyber Range Exercise for Educational Purposes(Springer, 2020) Larrucea, Xabier; Santamaría, Izaskun; Yilmaz, Murat; Clarke, Paul; Niemann, Jörg; Messnarz, Richard; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; SWTCybersecurity is an emergent need in educational and industrial contexts. There is an increase need to train skilled people, students and employees on cybersecurity techniques. Training is one of the weaknesses identified within the industry especially by practitioners, and the use of cyber ranges is motivated. Cyber ranges are envisaged as infrastructures for training purposes. This paper provides an overview of cyber ranges, and a cyber range exercise design process illustrated with an example. This exercise is used in academic sector and it can be extrapolated to industrial contexts.Item Development of a Driver-State Adaptive Co-Driver as Enabler for Shared Control and Arbitration(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Castellano, Andrea; Carbonara, Giuseppe; Diaz, Sergio; Marcano, Mauricio; Tango, Fabio; Montanari, Roberto; Stephanidis, Constantine; Antona, Margherita; Ntoa, Stavroula; CCAMFor automated and partially automated cars, there are new crucial questions to answer: “When should the driver or the automated system take control of the vehicle?" ; and also: “Can both control the vehicle together at the same time, or can this create potential conflicts?". These are non-trivial issues because they depend on different conditions, such as the environment, driver’s state, vehicle capabilities, and fault tolerance, among others. This paper will describe a human-machine cooperation approach for collaborative driving maneuvers, developed in the EU funded project PRYSTINE. In particular, this study presents the work-in-progress and will focus attention on the proposed architecture design and the corresponding use case for testing.Item Direct Resistive Heating Simulation Tool for the Repair of Aerospace Structures through Composite Patches(2018) Garmendia, Iñaki; Vallejo, Haritz; Iriarte, Aroa; Anglada, Eva; MAQUINAS; COMPOSITE; CIRMETALBonded composite patches are very appropriate for aircraft structural repair, showing very good properties when compared with traditional mechanical fastening of metal sheets. The curing process of the composite patch must be done “onsite” and a direct resistive heating method has been proposed. The heat produced by the electric current through the Joule effect when crossing the patch carbon fibre bundles has been modelled with a Finite Element Program code, developed for the electric current equation. The heat conduction equation has also been modelled in the program, as well as the kinetics of the curing reaction of the composite resin. The electric resistivity of the materials is function of the temperature, so a nonlinear coupled system has been developed. Therefore, a complete simulation tool able to study different configurations, current intensities, materials, etc. for the composite patches is presented. A study case has been run with the developed code and results have been compared with experimental values. Good agreement is found.Item A Discrete and Improved Bat Algorithm for solving a medical goods distribution problem with pharmacological waste collection(2019-02) Osaba, Eneko; Yang, Xin-She; Fister, Iztok; Del Ser, Javier; Lopez-Garcia, Pedro; Vazquez-Pardavila, Alejo J.; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; Quantum; IAThe work presented in this paper is focused on the resolution of a real-world drugs distribution problem with pharmacological waste collection. With the aim of properly meeting all the real-world restrictions that comprise this complex problem, we have modeled it as a multi-attribute or rich vehicle routing problem (RVRP). The problem has been modeled as a Clustered Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickups and Deliveries, Asymmetric Variable Costs, Forbidden Roads and Cost Constraints. To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first time that such a RVRP problem is tackled in the literature. For this reason, a benchmark composed of 24 datasets, from 60 to 1000 customers, has also been designed. For the developing of this benchmark, we have used real geographical positions located in Bizkaia, Spain. Furthermore, for the proper dealing of the proposed RVRP, we have developed a Discrete and Improved Bat Algorithm (DaIBA). The main feature of this adaptation is the use of the well-known Hamming Distance to calculate the differences between the bats. An effective improvement has been also contemplated for the proposed DaIBA, which consists on the existence of two different neighborhood structures, which are explored depending on the bat's distance regarding the best individual of the swarm. For the experimentation, we have compared the performance of our presented DaIBA with three additional approaches: an evolutionary algorithm, an evolutionary simulated annealing and a firefly algorithm. Additionally, with the intention of obtaining rigorous conclusions, two different statistical tests have been conducted: the Friedman's non-parametric test and the Holm's post-hoc test. Furthermore, an additional experimentation has been performed in terms of convergence. Finally, the obtained outcomes conclude that the proposed DaIBA is a promising technique for addressing the designed problem.Item Do We Rework? A Path to Manage One of the Primary Cause of Uncertainty in Software Industry(Springer Verlag, 2019) Giuseppe, Satriani; Imanol, Urretavizcaya; Piattini, Mario; Rupino da Cunha, Paulo; García Rodríguez de Guzmán, Ignacio; Pérez-Castillo, Ricardo; DIG_LIF_SKIWith the advent of the information age and more intense competitions among IT companies, the differentiation factors must be found in the capability of the organization to fit its purpose and consequently to continuously manage uncertainty. Rework is the most important cause of uncertainty in the IT industry and consequently it is one of the major factors that negatively affect the organizations capability to fit customer expectations. For this reason, rework must be dealt with rigorously and in a structured way by any organization that wants to survive and win the competition. The approach to be used should necessarily use quantitative management and assessing the quality of software development processes and products not only by measuring outcomes, but also predicting outcomes and making a trade-off between benefits and costs. On the basis of our very long experience in leading and implementing improvement initiatives on this matter in less mature or very mature organizations in Europe and Latin America, we summarize in this article the pragmatic and staged path to be implemented to be successful in controlling and reducing rework.Item Editorial: Memetic Computing: Accelerating optimization heuristics with problem-dependent local search methods(2022-04) Osaba, Eneko; Del Ser, Javier; Cotta, Carlos; Moscato, Pablo; Quantum; IAMemetic Algorithms and, in general, approaches underneath the wider Memetic Computing paradigm, have been at the core of a frantic research activity since the very inception of this research area in the late eighties. The community working in this area has so far showcased the benefits of hybridizing population-based algorithms with trajectory-based methods or any other specialized procedures that encompass problem-specific knowledge in a variety of real-world scenarios. From the perspective of the algorithms themselves, this hybridization can be realized in many different ways: it is this upsurge of manifold algorithmic approaches what has maintained a vigorous and intense activity around Memetic Computing over the years, progressively adapting the paradigm to newly emerging problem formulations and characteristics. This editorial introduces the readership of Swarm and Evolutionary Computation to the contributions finally included in the Special Issue on Memetic Computing: Accelerating Optimization Heuristics with Problem-Dependent Local Search Methods. The high quality of the works presented in this editorial unquestionably proves the excellent health of this vibrant research area, as well as its continued success at tackling challenging real-world optimization problems.Item Effect of the Metal Transfer Mode on the Symmetry of Bead Geometry in WAAM Aluminum(2021-07-10) Veiga, Fernando; Suárez, Alfredo; Aldalur, Eider; Bhujangrao, Trunal; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; FABRIC_INTELThe symmetrical nature in the case of wall fabrication by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been observed in the literature, but it has not been studied as a source of knowledge. This paper focuses on the comparative study of three drop transfer methods employing Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technology, one of the most reported for the manufacture of aluminum alloys. The transfer modes studied are the well-known pulsed GMAW, cold arc, and the newer pulsed AC. The novelty of the last transfer mode is the reversal of the polarity during the preparation phase of the substance for droplet deposition. This study compares the symmetry of zero beads to determine the best parameters and transfer modes for wire arc additive manufacturing of 5 series aluminum. The pulsed transfer modes show values of 0.6 for symmetry ratio, which makes them more interesting strategies than cold arc with a symmetry ratio of 0.5. Furthermore, the methodology proposed in this study can be extrapolated to other materials manufactured with this technology.Item Eigenloss: Combined PCA-Based Loss Function for Polyp Segmentation: Combined PCA-based loss function for polyp segmentation(2020-08) Sánchez-Peralta, Luisa F.; Picón, Artzai; Antequera-Barroso, Juan Antonio; Ortega-Morán, Juan Francisco; Sánchez-Margallo, Francisco M.; Pagador, J. Blas; COMPUTER_VISIONColorectal cancer is one of the leading cancer death causes worldwide, but its early diagnosis highly improves the survival rates. The success of deep learning has also benefited this clinical field. When training a deep learning model, it is optimized based on the selected loss function. In this work, we consider two networks (U-Net and LinkNet) and two backbones (VGG-16 and Densnet121). We analyzed the influence of seven loss functions and used a principal component analysis (PCA) to determine whether the PCA-based decomposition allows for the defining of the coefficients of a non-redundant primal loss function that can outperform the individual loss functions and different linear combinations. The eigenloss is defined as a linear combination of the individual losses using the elements of the eigenvector as coefficients. Empirical results show that the proposed eigenloss improves the general performance of individual loss functions and outperforms other linear combinations when Linknet is used, showing potential for its application in polyp segmentation problems.Item Enhanced variational image dehazing(2015-07-28) Galdran, Adrian; Vazquez-Corral, Javier; Pardo, David; Bertalmío, Marcelo; Tecnalia Research & InnovationImages obtained under adverse weather conditions, such as haze or fog, typically exhibit low contrast and faded colors, which may severely limit the visibility within the scene. Unveiling the image structure under the haze layer and recovering vivid colors out of a single image remains a challenging task, since the degradation is depth-dependent and conventional methods are unable to overcome this problem. In this work, we extend a well-known perception-inspired variational framework for single image dehazing. Two main improvements are proposed. First, we replace the value used by the framework for the gray-world hypothesis by an estimation of the mean of the clean image. Second, we add a set of new terms to the energy functional for maximizing the interchannel contrast. Experimental results show that the proposed enhanced variational image dehazing (EVID) method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively. In particular, when the illuminant is uneven, our EVID method is the only one that recovers realistic colors, avoiding the appearance of strong chromatic artifacts.