Browsing by Keyword "General Business,Management and Accounting"
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Item Advanced analytics for modern mining(Springer International Publishing, 2022-02-23) Galar, Diego; Kumar, Uday; Tecnalia Research & InnovationTechnology is growing very fast, and we are facing the Fourth Revolution in industry. Digital transformation has found its way in to many different traditional and modern industries. Digitalization and automation are two common words in mining these days. However, there are many challenges in the mining industry to reach the appropriate maturity level for Industry 4.0. Data collection systems, cloud-based storage, intelligent data architecture, creating online data hubs are some examples of digitalization challenges. Moreover, it is essential to use advanced analytics models applying artificial intelligence and machine learning models for automation, prediction, and optimization. Mine managers need an intelligent indigent virtual assistant to make better decisions and develop smart mines. This chapter some key components of intelligent mining and helps researchers understand Industry 4.0 in the mining context.Item Best practice in the general use of data in a city(River Publishers, 2022-11-11) Autero, Annina; Bourmpos, Michail; Quero, Iván Carrillo; Geri, Emanuele; Groléas, Hervé; Jashari, Alisa; Karaberi, Christina N.; Osa, María Jose Lopez; Maenpaa, Sari; Pejstrup, Esben; Palmisano, Elena; Pazzaglia, Fabio; Sapyska, Minna; HPAThis chapter gives a "bird's eye view" of a variety of examples of how some of the "EU CITIES MISSION's 100 climate neutral and smart cities by 2030" are already using data from a wide variety of sources. They collectively will bring a wide range of experiences to ensure that the identified good practices in data usage might be shared and built upon, in the drive to make data work to drive forward the climate-neutral agenda.1 The examples come from a wide range of application areas and reflect the variety of the emerging data spaces, with the majority coming from the "100 climate-neutral cities". Whilst useful in its own right to be able to see the variety of uses data is being put to in a city, to stimulate ideas and potential replication elsewhere, the main purpose is for it to be used as a building block. The following chapter will concentrate on how cities have used personal data in the process of running their city. But in addition to providing these examples, we will also try to indicate how, by adding personal data to the data currently being used in the cases described in this chapter, added value might be demonstrated.Item Data for LCSA - state of the art and outlook(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2024-04-23) Sonderegger, Thomas; Ruiz, Emilia Moreno; Bachmann, Till M.; Bianchi, Marco; Harmens, Rosan; Zamagni, Alessandra; ECONOMÍA CIRCULARItem Discovery of sustainable transport modes underlying TripAdvisor reviews with sentiment analysis: Transport domain adaptation of sentiment labelled data set(IGI Global, 2020-07-31) Serna, Ainhoa; Gerrikagoitia, Jon Kepa; Tecnalia Research & InnovationIn recent years, digital technology and research methods have developed natural language processing for better understanding consumers and what they share in social media. There are hardly any studies in transportation analysis with TripAdvisor, and moreover, there is not a complete analysis from the point of view of sentiment analysis. The aim of study is to investigate and discover the presence of sustainable transport modes underlying in non-categorized TripAdvisor texts, such as walking mobility in order to impact positively in public services and businesses. The methodology follows a quantitative and qualitative approach based on knowledge discovery techniques. Thus, data gathering, normalization, classification, polarity analysis, and labelling tasks have been carried out to obtain sentiment labelled training data set in the transport domain as a valuable contribution for predictive analytics. This research has allowed the authors to discover sustainable transport modes underlying the texts, focused on walking mobility but extensible to other means of transport and social media sources.Item Economic and social challenges of smart grids(Taylor and Francis, 2019-09-30) Velte, Daniela; Aguirrebeitia, Guillermo Gil; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; QuantumItem eMaintenance: Essential Electronic Tools for Efficiency(Elsevier Inc., 2017-01-01) Galar, Diego; Kumar, Uday; Tecnalia Research & InnovationeMaintenance: Essential Electronic Tools for Efficiency enables the reader to improve efficiency of operations, maintenance staff, infrastructure managers and system integrators, by accessing a real time computerized system from data to decision. In recent years, the exciting possibilities of eMaintenance have become increasingly recognized as a source of productivity improvement in industry. The seamless linking of systems and equipment to control centres for real time reconfiguring is improving efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in a variety of settings. The book provides an introduction to collecting and processing data from machinery, explains the methods of overcoming the challenges of data collection and processing, and presents tools for data driven condition monitoring and decision making. This is a groundbreaking handbook for those interested in the possibilities of running a plant as a smart asset. Provides an introduction to collecting and processing data from machinery Explains how to use sensor-based tools to increase efficiency of diagnosis, prognosis, and decision-making in maintenance Describes methods for overcoming the challenges of data collection and processing.Item Evolution of NOx and SO2 emissions in Spain: Ceilings versus taxes(2015-02-21) García-Gusano, Diego; Cabal, Helena; Lechón, Yolanda; PLANIFICACIÓN ENERGÉTICAEven though significant NOx and SO2 emissions reductions have been observed in Spain during last decade, there is a strong commitment to keep reducing the levels of pollution in order to improve air quality standards. This work has been carried out to ease the lack of National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) assessments at country level. The Spanish case has been used as illustrative of the European Union. The evolution of NOx and SO2 emissions has been analysed in depth using the TIMES-Spain energy optimisation model. The work has been structured into three parts. First, the implementation of the NECD and the consequences both on the evolution of NOx and SO2 emissions, and the electricity production mix; second, taxation on these pollutants has been modelled and discussed; and finally, the proposed "2013 EU Clean Air Package" ceilings to update NECD have been assessed. Results showed that meeting NECD targets would involve a high contribution of renewable sources to the electricity system, mainly wind and solar. In addition, NOx and SO2 taxation has been assessed. Results showed that taxes on pollutants led to lower emissions than using NECD. Hence, current ceilings are not strict enough to internalise all the environmental damages associated to those pollutants. In consequence, the suitability of the NECD has been discussed by means of the new ceilings included in the EU Clean Air Policy Package. Results showed that proposed reductions are insufficient to compensate the environmental damages especially in the short term.Item ICT Requirements in a Smart Grid Environment(Springer, Cham, 2019-10-25) Horsmanheimo, Seppo; Tuomimäki, Lotta; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Raúl; Andrén, Filip Pröstl; Andersen, Claus Amtrup; Tecnalia Research & InnovationEnergy systems are moving towards more flexible and distributed structures as the share of distributed energy resources gets bigger. New resources connected to the distribution grid offer ancillary services for congestion management and balancing including, e.g. frequency control, aFRR/mFRR, and voltage control. The new TSO-DSO coordination schemes presented in Chap. 2 are studied in this chapter from ICT’s perspective. This chapter introduces a conceptual reference model to help assess where new communication technologies are needed. The second section introduces potential technologies that could be applied. Our focus is more on wireless technologies to ensure flexibility, cost-efficiency, and scalability in large geographically distributed systems. We also present different types of service architectures to manage, secure and orchestrate the increasing number of services created by the new market models. The provision of ancillary services from distribution networks involves the coordination and close interaction between different actors and systems. In the last section, we present a process of capturing ICT requirements for energy systems. The process utilises the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) that presents a structured approach for modelling the Smart Grid architecture.Item Life cycle assessment of the Spanish cement industry: Implementation of environmental-friendly solutions(2015-01) García-Gusano, Diego; Herrera, Israel; Garraín, Daniel; Lechón, Yolanda; Cabal, Helena; PLANIFICACIÓN ENERGÉTICAThis study tries to find out the hotspots of the Spanish cement sector in 2010 by the life cycle assessment (LCA) and evaluates some improvement scenarios where best available technologies and substitution measures are taken into consideration. The document presents an environmental LCA of the cement production using the 2011 International Reference Life Cycle Data System method recommended by the European Commission. Attending to the clinker production by stage, fossil fuel combustion is the most important source in terms of impacts. Besides, limestone’s calcination is crucial attending to the climate change. Electricity consumption is also relevant both in human toxicity with cancer effects and freshwater eutrophication (FE). Accordingly, solutions deployed lead to reductions in different impact categories. Fossil fuel substitution scenario achieves to reduce 33 and 37 % photochemical ozone formation and acidification (A), while material substitution scenario leads to reduce 10–13 % each impact category. On the other hand, fossil fuel substitution scenario entails an increase of 10 % in FE. Considering the ideal case of applying all these improvements together, reductions go from 15 % in FE to 49 % in A, respectively. To face the problems derived from fossil fuel combustion, a fuel shift is needed to reach less contaminant options such as biomass and bio-waste. Material substitution is another good solution for the industry, but it requires a change in the demand and further research to ensure the properties of cement. Authors recommend taking into consideration the collateral increase of the FE due to the phosphates increase coming from the alternative fuels combustion.Item Scenario Analysis(Springer, Cham, 2019-10-25) Rossi, Marco; Merino, Julia; Madina, Carlos; Turienzo, Elena; Svendsen, Harald; Kuusela, Pirkko; Koponen, Pekka; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMS; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOThe performance of TSO-DSO coordination schemes depends on the characteristics of the electricity systems in which regulation reserves can be provided by both transmission and distribution resources. In order to investigate the main aspects influencing TSO-DSO interactions, three detailed electricity scenarios (related to the expected 2030 evolution of Denmark, Italy and Spain) are defined. In particular, these scenarios are designed by assuming various distribution network conditions, determining different volumes of flexibility requested by the DSO in order to carry out local services. Then, the structure of a simulation platform, aimed at testing TSO-DSO coordination schemes, is proposed. It is based on three main blocks, integrating actual market clearing, bidding and dispatching algorithms, together with a simulator for the network and all the physical power resources. Finally, the simulation results are processed by means of a cost-benefit analysis which identified the market architectures providing the highest economic benefits to the system and the main factors that influence the profitability of one TSO-DSO coordination scheme among the others.Item Supporting innovation through knowledge management in extended enterprise(IGI Global, 2009) Sorli, Mikel; Stokic, Dragan; Tecnalia Research & InnovationManaging of knowledge for innovation in an extended enterprise (EE) environment is a key issue. This in turn requires effective utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT). This chapter addresses the application of ICT for knowledge management (KM) needed for innovation in industry. An ICT-based KM system to support innovation process in EE environment (i.e., to support mastering of the innovation process) is presented. The main objective of the new AIM system is to provide the means of stimulating the creation of innovative ideas in general, and specifically on potential product/process improvements and on problem solving. The AIM system supports collection of such ideas throughout EE from people involved with the products and processes, as well as a development of the collected ideas into innovations.Item Supporting innovation through knowledge management in the extended enterprise(IGI Global, 2008) Sorli, Mikel; Stokic, Dragan; Tecnalia Research & InnovationManaging of knowledge for innovation in an extended enterprise (EE) environment is a key issue. This in turn requires effective utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT). This chapter addresses the application of ICT for knowledge management (KM) needed for innovation in industry. An ICT-based KM system to support innovation process in EE environment (i.e., to support mastering of the innovation process) is presented. The main objective of the new AIM system is to provide the means of stimulating the creation of innovative ideas in general, and specifically on potential product/process improvements and on problem solving. The AIM system supports collection of such ideas throughout EE from people involved with the products and processes, as well as a development of the collected ideas into innovations.Item Sustainability Assessment of Urban Infrastructures(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2021-01-01) Barker, Adam; Feliú, Efren; Garcia-Blanco, Gemma; Kwiecinska, Kornelia; Pedrola, Blanca; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOThe “renaturing” of cities through an increased emphasis on the use of nature-based solutions (NBS) potentially offers urban areas the opportunity to deliver multiple environmental and socioeconomic benefits. In particular, approaches linked to NBS can limit the degree of climate exposure and vulnerability impacting upon urban infrastructures. The success of NBS in addressing climate change pressures will require an improved understanding of the characteristics of environmental risk and the ability to evaluate alternate adaptive pathways. In response, this chapter explores those components which are central to effective urban infrastructure assessment and considers how they may assist in the formulation of infrastructure strategies. We stress the need for an approach which is both scenario-focused and fully integrated within existing spatial planning frameworks. Here, we draw specific attention to the utility of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in both embedding environmental evaluation within mainstream spatial planning and providing the basis for the comparative evaluation of alternatives. We also argue for an approach which recognizes areas of complementary interaction between “gray infrastructure” (whether existing or proposed) and approaches linked to NBS. In order to highlight examples of potential development responses, we draw on best-practice case study examples from the European Union (EU)–funded GROWGREEN project.Item Technologies and Protocols: The Experience of the Three SmartNet Pilots: The experience of the three smartnet pilots(Springer, 2019-10-25) Madina, Carlos; Jimeno, Joseba; Ortolano, Luca; Palleschi, Margherita; Ebrahimy, Razgar; Madsen, Henrik; Pardo, Miguel; Corchero, Cristina; POWER SYSTEMSThe deployment of technological pilots is of paramount importance for testing and demonstrating the technical feasibility of the concepts described in this book for two main reasons. On the one hand, there are few real-life experiences in the application of these concepts, as TSO-DSO coordination is a relatively new topic. On the other hand, there may be some implementation difficulties which cannot be anticipated by the scenario analysis and CBA. Whenever possible, more than one pilot should be deployed, so that each of them can focus on different parts of the TSO-DSO coordination value chain. In that sense, it is important to demonstrate different potential TSO-DSO coordination schemes, so that issues arising from each of them can be identified. Moreover, it is also important to demonstrate different types of DER, so that their flexibilities can be better assessed and the advantages and disadvantages for real-life implementation can be properly identified and addressed. As a third complementarity aspect, having different technological pilots allows for focusing on different parts of the value chain, so that one of them may take the vision of the TSO or DSO, while another one can focus on the needs of the aggregator or DER owners.Item Towards energy self-sufficiency in large metropolitan areas: Business opportunities on renewable electricity in Madrid(Springer International Publishing, 2018-02-16) García-Gusano, Diego; Iribarren, Diego; Dufour, Javier; PLANIFICACIÓN ENERGÉTICALarge metropolitan areas are generally associated with high energy demand but low energy production, thus acting as vast energy drains. Reducing energy import levels in this type of region may bring about relevant business opportunities. Given the increasingly significant role of green (low-carbon) energy in current and future energy policies, these opportunities are expected to be closely linked to renewable energy. In this chapter, the energy system model of the region of Madrid (Spain) is used to evaluate novel energy scenarios to 2050 based on alternative electricity import levels. As indigenous electricity supply increases, wider market horizons arise for renewable energy technologies as a plausible option. Overall, through the case study of Madrid, it is shown that the path towards clean energy self-sufficiency has the potential to act as an effective catalyst for business opportunities on renewables in large metropolitan areas.