Browsing by Keyword "Electricity demand"
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Item Electricity demand with electric cars in 2030: Comparing great britain and spa(2011-08) Papadopoulos, P.; Akizu, O.; Cipcigan, L. M.; Jenkins, N.; Zabala, E.; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe effect of domestic charging of electric vehicles (EVs) on electricity demand at a national level was addressed. A study case was created to investigate how different charging regimes (i.e. control policies) and EV-uptake levels will affect the electricity demand of Great Britain (GB) and Spain in 2030. Charging rates, battery capacities, and battery and charger efficiencies were drawn from literature. Traffic patterns were acquired from the British Department for Transport and the Spanish Ministry of Public Works. Uncontrolled, dual tariff (time-based control), dynamic price (price-based control) domestic charging regimes were defined and applied to both power systems for different EV utilization levels. The results show that for low EV utilization, the GB system would be able to cope with the increased demand that EV domestic charging would create. The Spanish system would need additional generation to cover the EV charging needs. The anticipated high EV utilization would almost double peak the demand in both countries.Item Forecasting flexibility in electricity demand with price/consumption volume signals(2013-02) Gorria, C.; Jimeno, J.; Laresgoiti, I.; Lezaun, M.; Ruiz, N.; POWER SYSTEMS; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe introduction of renewable energy sources, particularly wind power, is limited by their dependence on weather conditions and by the difficulty of storing surplus energy for use at times when production is low. One effective way of tackling the energy storage problem is to minimise the need for storage, i.e. to switch from a system based on producing electricity in response to the unpredictable whims of demand to one in which consumption adapts to supply. Demand can be managed indirectly via the sending of price/consumption volume signals. This paper presents a mathematical model for forecasting the aggregated electricity demand of a group of domestic consumers signed up to an incentive-based demand management programme. Under this programme consumers receive signals that offer financial incentives for limiting their volume of consumption at time intervals when system peak demand is forecast. The resulting optimisation model is a mixed-integer linear programming problem implemented in JAVA and solved using free software. This model is applied to a case study in which the objective is to limit consumption by a population of 15932 consumers from 15:00 to 17:45 on a specific summer day. The responses to two different incentive amounts are shown.Item Peer-to-peer energy market between electric vehicles(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020-01-01) Álvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Merino, Julia; Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús; Castanõ-Solis, Sandra; Jiménez, David; Tecnalia Research & InnovationElectric vehicles (EVs) are a major component of future electric grids, both for the increase in electricity demand and the flexibility they can add to the grid. Vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-building pilots have been tested and some have been approved by grid operators, but the EVs’ possibilities shall be further enhanced. In previous works, the authors proposed a peer-to-peer energy market between EVs that largely reduced the expenses of their costly day-charging. This chapter further expands the model by taking into account the long-term effects of the market, which reduce the impact of the electric grid prices forecast on the market. The ratio between EVs that offer energy and those that demand energy is shown to be a good indicator for the market price forecast. Almost all energy demand occurs in pairs zone-time in which the number of offering EVs is more than five times the number of demanding EVs, for which the market price is very close to the electricity price at night.