Browsing by Keyword "Electric arc furnace slag"
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Item 25 Years Working with Green Steel Slag Concrete(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Santamaría, Amaia; Revilla-Cuesta, Victor; Setien, Jesús; Vegas, Iñigo; González, Javier Jesus; Ilki, Alper; Çavunt, Derya; Çavunt, Yavuz Selim; GENERALIndustrial production of iron and steel within Spain has historically been situated in the north area of Spain. Although a major economic activity for the region, the industry also generates large volumes of waste that have hitherto been dumped in unsightly landfill sites. Over 25 years ago, a group of engineers and researchers from the same area set themselves the challenge of regenerating this waste. In this study, the advances developed in the technology of green slag concrete are reviewed, focusing on the expertise that the research group has accumulated over the past 25 years. Electric arc furnace slag is a stony material that is now often used as aggregate in hydraulic and bituminous mixes. Its use in hydraulic cement-based materials and the important properties of slag aggregates for mix workability are analyzed. Likewise, the mechanical behavior and the durability of slag concrete specimens is presented, paying special attention to expansive compounds and to the performance of electric arc furnace concrete in marine environments. In addition, real scale elements manufactured with slag concrete and their behavior are analyzed, as well as the advantages of applying current standards to their design. Finally, new lines of research are discussed for the use of electric arc furnace slag in cement-based materials.Item Bending tests on building beams containing electric arc furnace slag and alternative binders and manufactured with energy-saving placement techniques(2021-08) Santamaría, Amaia; García-Llona, Aratz; Revilla-Cuesta, Víctor; Piñero, Ignacio; Ortega-López, Vanesa; E&I SEGURAS Y RESILIENTESThe environmental impact of the building sector is especially relevant during the construction phase. Both the materials and the construction methods that are currently in use must be reconsidered, in order to minimize the environmental impact of concrete-based structures. This research is therefore focused on achieving greener concrete-based building structures. In this context, the feasibility of careful use of materials for concrete manufacture and the use of construction techniques that can facilitate and reduce energy consumption during placement are both studied. To do so, twelve sample beams were prepared using eight different sustainable high-workability structural concretes. The aim was to maximize the use of the by-products that amounted to over 80% of the concrete mass, steelmaking slags, fly ash, and quarry waste, and to employ energy-saving concrete placement techniques. The beams underwent bending tests in which their mechanical behavior and their compliance with the specifications of the most relevant building codes were verified. The results pointed to the feasibility of increased sustainability in the field of building engineering through the suitable use of selected by-products and techniques.Item Concrete pavements with electric arc furnace slag as aggregate(University of Cantabria - Building Technology R&D Group, 2018) Ortega-López, Vanesa; Fuente-Alonso, José Antonio; Skaf, Marta; Fiol, Francisco; Manso, Juan Manuel; Chica, José Antonio; Villegas, Luis; Lombillo, Ignacio; Blanco, Haydee; Boffill, Yosbel; Villegas, Luis; Lombillo, Ignacio; Blanco, Haydee; Boffill, Yosbel; SGSteelmaking industry generates vast amount of waste aggregates. The practical use of electric steelmaking furnaces is divided into two stages: the primary melting-oxidizing processes and the secondary-reducing processes. In the first, an Electric Arc Furnace will generate slag (EAFS) in proportions of 150 to 180 kg per ton of steel. In Spain, approximately 70% of total steel is produced in electric arc furnaces representing around 15% of total European EAF steel, and leaving more than 1 Million tons of EAFS every year. In order to reduce these EAFS, many researchers around the world are studying applications for their incorporation. In the present research, mixes of steel slag concrete (CEAFS) were reinforced with fibers, and their properties in fresh and the hardened state were analyzed; likewise, some real slabs were constructed. The results were very promising, reaching the CEAFS reinforced with around 0.5% of fibers, good mechanical behavior, appropriate toughness, and suitable impact resistance for its use in pavements and slabs of buildings.Item The study of properties and behavior of self compacting concrete containing Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS) as aggregate(2019) Santamaría, Amaia; Ortega-López, Vanesa; Skaf, Marta; Chica, José Antonio; Manso, Juan Manuel; SGElectric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS) can be efficiently reused as aggregate in the production of high-volume batches of hydraulic concrete mixes that show interesting properties in both the fresh and the hardened state. Mixtures containing EAFS aggregate in proportions of nearly 50% by volume are prepared for use as pumpable and self-compacting mixes with consistency classes of S4 and SF2, respectively. Characterization of the mixtures is presented, examining practical aspects such as thixotropy, segregation in the fresh state (under 6%), and mechanical and microstructural evolution in the hardened state. The results yielded compressive strengths of approximately 60 MPa and elastic moduli of 38 GPa after one year. Finally, real-scale flexural elements are cast and subjected to sustained loading tests of moderate intensity. Long-term deflection values were approximately 50% (pumpable mixes) and less than 40% (self-compacting mixes) of the maximum admissible values specified in current standards.