Browsing by Keyword "Economics, Econometrics and Finance (all)"

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Advanced analytics for modern mining
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022-02-23) Galar, Diego; Kumar, Uday; Tecnalia Research & Innovation
    Technology is growing very fast, and we are facing the Fourth Revolution in industry. Digital transformation has found its way in to many different traditional and modern industries. Digitalization and automation are two common words in mining these days. However, there are many challenges in the mining industry to reach the appropriate maturity level for Industry 4.0. Data collection systems, cloud-based storage, intelligent data architecture, creating online data hubs are some examples of digitalization challenges. Moreover, it is essential to use advanced analytics models applying artificial intelligence and machine learning models for automation, prediction, and optimization. Mine managers need an intelligent indigent virtual assistant to make better decisions and develop smart mines. This chapter some key components of intelligent mining and helps researchers understand Industry 4.0 in the mining context.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Central lessons from the historical analysis of 24 reinforced-concrete structures in northern Spain
    (2016-07-01) Marcos, Ignacio; San-José, José Tomás; Garmendia, Leire; Santamaría, Amaia; Manso, Juan Manuel; Tecnalia Research & Innovation
    Since the late-nineteenth century, the use of reinforced-concrete as a structural material has proliferated and is now commonplace in the modern built environment. Some of the structures from that century are even considered cultural heritage. In the early stages of its technical development, concrete was seen as practically immutable over time; however, prolonged exposure to environmental agents has revealed its very significant problems of weakening strength and durability. A total of 24 aging reinforced-concrete structures in the Basque Country (northern Spain) and their behavior over time are analyzed in this paper. Reference is made to pathological reports, categorized for the purposes of this study, which characterize their concrete and steel components. This contribution greatly enhances our knowledge of each structure for future studies and for the improvement of their conservation strategies.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Definition of the procedure to determine the suitability and durability of an anti-graffiti product for application on cultural heritage porous materials
    (2012-01) García, Oihana; Malaga, Katarina; Tecnalia Research & Innovation
    Anti-graffiti protection is becoming a common practice in many urban buildings, especially in areas of social decay. When Cultural Heritage objects are affected by graffiti, the application of anti-graffiti products can result not only in an unsatisfactory result but also in an irreversible damage of an invaluable cost. The materials commonly found in these constructions are very frequently porous and present different types of decay forms. For this reason, the protection of these materials should be carefully considered. This paper proposes a criterion to decide on the suitability and durability of an anti-graffiti product prior to its application in a porous surface of a protected building. Performance classifications are defined for a series of properties including colour and gloss, and hydric and durability properties, and minimum acceptable values or reductions in these properties are recommended.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Discovery of sustainable transport modes underlying TripAdvisor reviews with sentiment analysis: Transport domain adaptation of sentiment labelled data set
    (IGI Global, 2020-07-31) Serna, Ainhoa; Gerrikagoitia, Jon Kepa; Tecnalia Research & Innovation
    In recent years, digital technology and research methods have developed natural language processing for better understanding consumers and what they share in social media. There are hardly any studies in transportation analysis with TripAdvisor, and moreover, there is not a complete analysis from the point of view of sentiment analysis. The aim of study is to investigate and discover the presence of sustainable transport modes underlying in non-categorized TripAdvisor texts, such as walking mobility in order to impact positively in public services and businesses. The methodology follows a quantitative and qualitative approach based on knowledge discovery techniques. Thus, data gathering, normalization, classification, polarity analysis, and labelling tasks have been carried out to obtain sentiment labelled training data set in the transport domain as a valuable contribution for predictive analytics. This research has allowed the authors to discover sustainable transport modes underlying the texts, focused on walking mobility but extensible to other means of transport and social media sources.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Economic and social challenges of smart grids
    (Taylor and Francis, 2019-09-30) Velte, Daniela; Aguirrebeitia, Guillermo Gil; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; Quantum
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    eMaintenance: Essential Electronic Tools for Efficiency
    (Elsevier Inc., 2017-01-01) Galar, Diego; Kumar, Uday; Tecnalia Research & Innovation
    eMaintenance: Essential Electronic Tools for Efficiency enables the reader to improve efficiency of operations, maintenance staff, infrastructure managers and system integrators, by accessing a real time computerized system from data to decision. In recent years, the exciting possibilities of eMaintenance have become increasingly recognized as a source of productivity improvement in industry. The seamless linking of systems and equipment to control centres for real time reconfiguring is improving efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in a variety of settings. The book provides an introduction to collecting and processing data from machinery, explains the methods of overcoming the challenges of data collection and processing, and presents tools for data driven condition monitoring and decision making. This is a groundbreaking handbook for those interested in the possibilities of running a plant as a smart asset. Provides an introduction to collecting and processing data from machinery Explains how to use sensor-based tools to increase efficiency of diagnosis, prognosis, and decision-making in maintenance Describes methods for overcoming the challenges of data collection and processing.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    ICT Requirements in a Smart Grid Environment
    (Springer, Cham, 2019-10-25) Horsmanheimo, Seppo; Tuomimäki, Lotta; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Raúl; Andrén, Filip Pröstl; Andersen, Claus Amtrup; Tecnalia Research & Innovation
    Energy systems are moving towards more flexible and distributed structures as the share of distributed energy resources gets bigger. New resources connected to the distribution grid offer ancillary services for congestion management and balancing including, e.g. frequency control, aFRR/mFRR, and voltage control. The new TSO-DSO coordination schemes presented in Chap. 2 are studied in this chapter from ICT’s perspective. This chapter introduces a conceptual reference model to help assess where new communication technologies are needed. The second section introduces potential technologies that could be applied. Our focus is more on wireless technologies to ensure flexibility, cost-efficiency, and scalability in large geographically distributed systems. We also present different types of service architectures to manage, secure and orchestrate the increasing number of services created by the new market models. The provision of ancillary services from distribution networks involves the coordination and close interaction between different actors and systems. In the last section, we present a process of capturing ICT requirements for energy systems. The process utilises the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) that presents a structured approach for modelling the Smart Grid architecture.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Multi-criteria decision-making for grading the rehabilitation of heritage sites. Application in the historic center of La Habana
    (2017-07) Piñero, Ignacio; San-José, José T.; Rodríguez, Patricia; Losáñez, Milagros M.; E&I SEGURAS Y RESILIENTES
    The rehabilitation of an historic city centre is approached in this investigation through a multi-criteria decision-making methodology. The methodology assists a panel of experts to take key decisions on rehabilitation options. The viability of the methodology is verified through its practical application in the Historic Centre of La Habana, in which extreme situations are analyzed: a culturally protected (World Heritage) urban zone with many degraded buildings at risk of collapse. In view of the urgency of the rehabilitation decisions, efficient criteria for “emergency actions” on the 3593 buildings of that historic centre were analyzed. The conclusions were that 1033 buildings were in need of one or various emergency actions, with 169 awaiting demolition or restoration and, finally, 597 in need of non-urgent repairs.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A resources ecosystem for digital and heritage-led holistic knowledge in rural regeneration
    (2022-09-01) Tamborrino, Rosa; Patti, Edoardo; Aliberti, Alessandro; Dinler, Mesut; Orlando, Matteo; de Luca, Claudia; Tondelli, Simona; Barrientos, Francisco; Martin, John; Cunha, Luís F.M.; Stam, Andries; Nales, Aad; Egusquiza, Aitziber; Amirzada, Zahra; Pavlova, Irina; LABORATORIO DE TRANSFORMACIÓN URBANA
    This paper presents a digital resources ecosystem prototype of integrated tools and resources to support heritage-led regeneration of rural regions, thanks to a deeper understanding of the complexity of cultural natural landscapes throughout their historical and current development. The ecosystem is conceived as a distributed software platform establishing data ecosystem and open standards for the management of information, aimed at providing different services and applications to address the needs of the various end-users identified. The platform has been conceived and realised in the framework of a Horizon 2020 research project, with a view to building a set of holistic knowledge about rural regions and their cultural and natural heritage and making it available for long-lasting heritage-led territorial processes of change. It is the product of a multidisciplinary collaboration amongst heritage, digital humanities and ICTs experts, and combines data and methodologies from a range of approaches to humanities together with the customisation of effective digital tools. It has been designed for deployment also in cloud systems compliant with the Infrastructure-as-a-Service paradigm. All data is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR data). It hosts and integrates different tools, making the data gathered with/for local stakeholders usable and making the same data re-usable within the tools’ functions, generating integrated heritage knowledge. It comprises data on 19 rural pilot territories, where the tools and their integration have been developed and tested, while 62 more are partially included as additional territories which participate in certain activities within the project. The main testers for this platform and its functions are the local stakeholders of these territories. The paper describes and analyses the platform and its impact, discussing the integration of tools as an innovative approach that goes beyond the use of individual tools in shaping a multidimensional vision. It also offers an analysis of the potential of an integrated digital ecosystem in evidence-based and place-based regeneration strategies. Some reflections for developments and cooperation during the pandemic are also presented.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Scenario Analysis
    (Springer, Cham, 2019-10-25) Rossi, Marco; Merino, Julia; Madina, Carlos; Turienzo, Elena; Svendsen, Harald; Kuusela, Pirkko; Koponen, Pekka; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMS; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
    The performance of TSO-DSO coordination schemes depends on the characteristics of the electricity systems in which regulation reserves can be provided by both transmission and distribution resources. In order to investigate the main aspects influencing TSO-DSO interactions, three detailed electricity scenarios (related to the expected 2030 evolution of Denmark, Italy and Spain) are defined. In particular, these scenarios are designed by assuming various distribution network conditions, determining different volumes of flexibility requested by the DSO in order to carry out local services. Then, the structure of a simulation platform, aimed at testing TSO-DSO coordination schemes, is proposed. It is based on three main blocks, integrating actual market clearing, bidding and dispatching algorithms, together with a simulator for the network and all the physical power resources. Finally, the simulation results are processed by means of a cost-benefit analysis which identified the market architectures providing the highest economic benefits to the system and the main factors that influence the profitability of one TSO-DSO coordination scheme among the others.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Technologies and Protocols: The Experience of the Three SmartNet Pilots: The experience of the three smartnet pilots
    (Springer, 2019-10-25) Madina, Carlos; Jimeno, Joseba; Ortolano, Luca; Palleschi, Margherita; Ebrahimy, Razgar; Madsen, Henrik; Pardo, Miguel; Corchero, Cristina; POWER SYSTEMS
    The deployment of technological pilots is of paramount importance for testing and demonstrating the technical feasibility of the concepts described in this book for two main reasons. On the one hand, there are few real-life experiences in the application of these concepts, as TSO-DSO coordination is a relatively new topic. On the other hand, there may be some implementation difficulties which cannot be anticipated by the scenario analysis and CBA. Whenever possible, more than one pilot should be deployed, so that each of them can focus on different parts of the TSO-DSO coordination value chain. In that sense, it is important to demonstrate different potential TSO-DSO coordination schemes, so that issues arising from each of them can be identified. Moreover, it is also important to demonstrate different types of DER, so that their flexibilities can be better assessed and the advantages and disadvantages for real-life implementation can be properly identified and addressed. As a third complementarity aspect, having different technological pilots allows for focusing on different parts of the value chain, so that one of them may take the vision of the TSO or DSO, while another one can focus on the needs of the aggregator or DER owners.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Towards energy self-sufficiency in large metropolitan areas: Business opportunities on renewable electricity in Madrid
    (Springer International Publishing, 2018-02-16) García-Gusano, Diego; Iribarren, Diego; Dufour, Javier; PLANIFICACIÓN ENERGÉTICA
    Large metropolitan areas are generally associated with high energy demand but low energy production, thus acting as vast energy drains. Reducing energy import levels in this type of region may bring about relevant business opportunities. Given the increasingly significant role of green (low-carbon) energy in current and future energy policies, these opportunities are expected to be closely linked to renewable energy. In this chapter, the energy system model of the region of Madrid (Spain) is used to evaluate novel energy scenarios to 2050 based on alternative electricity import levels. As indigenous electricity supply increases, wider market horizons arise for renewable energy technologies as a plausible option. Overall, through the case study of Madrid, it is shown that the path towards clean energy self-sufficiency has the potential to act as an effective catalyst for business opportunities on renewables in large metropolitan areas.