Browsing by Keyword "Distributed energy resources"
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Item Characterization of non-intentional emissions from distributed energy resources up to 500 kHz: A case study in Spain: A case study in Spain(2019-02) Fernandez, I.; Uribe-Pérez, N.; Eizmendi, I.; Angulo, I.; de la Vega, D.; Arrinda, A.; Arzuaga, T.; Oficina de Proyectos DigitalNarrow Band Power Line Communications (NB-PLC) systems are currently used for smart metering and power quality monitoring as a part of the Smart Grid (SG) concept. However, non-intentional emissions generated by the devices connected to the grid may sometimes disturb the communications and isolate metering equipment. Though some research works have been recently developed to characterize these emissions, most of them have been limited to frequencies below 150 kHz and they are mainly focused on in-house electronic appliances and lightning devices. As NB-PLC can also be allocated in higher frequencies up to 500 kHz, there is still a lack of analysis in this frequency range, especially for emissions from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). The identification and characterization of the emissions is essential to develop solutions that avoid a negative impact on the proper performance of NB-PLC. In this work, the non-intentional emissions of different types of DERs composing a representative microgrid have been measured in the 35–500 kHz frequency range and analyzed both in time and frequency domains. Different working conditions and coupling and commutation procedures to mains are considered in the analysis. Results are then compared to the limits recommended by regulatory bodies for spurious emissions from communication systems in this frequency band, as no specific limits for DERs have been established. Field measurements show clear differences in the characteristics of non-intentional emissions for different devices, working conditions and coupling procedures and for frequencies below and above 150 kHz. Results of this study demonstrate that a further characterization of the potential emissions from the different types of DERs connected to the grid is required in order to guarantee current and future applications based on NB-PLC.Item Innovative training techniques to account for power quality issues when deploying distributed energy resources(2007) Coujard, Clémentine; Rodriguez, Raul; Bollen, Math; Grenard, Sébastien; Tecnalia Research & InnovationSizing and optimizing an investment in distributed energy resources (DER) must take into account power quality issues: it is then a matter of defining the right balance between the end-user's energy supply expectations and their financial capabilities to launch the investment. This requires a minimum understanding of power quality constraints during the DER unit optimization process: bridging the knowledge gaps between power quality experts and DER end-users relies on critical, complex technical and economical considerations. This paper argues that dedicated training is able to bridge such knowledge gaps: end-users will then feel more confident at taking optimal decisions when investing in DER units. It is the complexity of power quality issues that drove the development of innovative training sessions herein described: they lean on the coupling of experimental descriptions of current power quality problems faced by electrical network managers with "learning by doing" approaches.