Browsing by Keyword "Contracts"
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Item Multidirectional modular conditional safety certificates(Springer Verlag, 2015) Amorim, Tiago; Ruiz, Alejandra; Dropmann, Christoph; Schneider, Daniel; van Gulijk, Coen; Koornneef, Floor; QuantumOver the last 20 years, embedded systems have evolved from closed, rather static single-application systems towards open, flexible, multi-application systems of systems. While this is a blessing from an application perspective, it certainly is a curse from a safety engineering perspective as it invalidates the base assumptions of established engineering methodologies. Due to the combinatorial complexity and the amount of uncertainty encountered in the analysis of such systems, we believe that more potent modular safety approaches coupled with adequate runtime checks are required. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of an integrated contract-based approach covering vertical dependencies (between platform and application) and horizontal dependencies (between applications) in order to efficiently assure the safety of the whole system of systems through modularization. We integrate both concepts using state-of-the-art research and showcase the application of the integrated approach based on a small industrial case study.Item Optimised TSO-DSO Coordination to Integrate Renewables in Flexibility Markets(IEEE, 2019-09) Madina, Carlos; Kuusela, Pirkko; Rossi, Marco; Aghaie, Hamid; Gomez-Arriola, Ines; Riaño, Sandra; POWER SYSTEMS; SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOSThe necessary energy transition to decarbonize power systems is leading to increasingly important challenges for the operation of power systems. On the one hand, the intermittent nature of renewable generation requires system operators to procure ancillary services in larger volumes than in the past. On the other, the growing penetration of medium- and small-scale, flexible demand and storage systems in distribution networks could potentially offer network services, if they are aggregated effectively and there is an appropriate coordination between transmission system operators (TSOs), distribution system operators (DSOs) and aggregators. Therefore, an important topic to be analysed is whether distributed energy resources (DER) can replace traditional generation in the provision of ancillary services (AS), how this replacement will affect the system operators’ roles and how to improve the coordination between TSOs and DSOs. This paper shows the results of the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) performed within the project SmartNet to assess the advantages or disadvantages of different TSO-DSO coordination schemes, as well as the follow-up activities to be carried out in the project CoordiNet.