Browsing by Keyword "Climate"
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Item ENSO Influence on Western European summer and fall Temperatures(2021-10-01) Martija-Díez, Maialen; Rodríguez-Fonseca, Belén; López-Parages, Jorge; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; WEATHER AND CLIMATE INTELLIGENCE FOR BUSINESSIn certain regions, such as Europe, the increase in global air temperatures in the world is translated into more frequent extreme events. Recent studies suggest that the increasing intensity in heatwaves seems to be related to the interannual variability of the mean temperature, a finding that motivates the search for its possible predictability. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the principal predictor of global climate variability at interannual time scales. Its impact on European climate has been deeply studied in relation to rainfall variability, but only a few studies exist that focus on its impact on temperature. In this work, we focus on the analysis of the interannual variability of maximum and minimum temperatures in order to find some predictability and trends. To that end, we choose the western European region, which has experienced intense heatwaves and is also the main region of air temperature interannual variability in Europe. Our results indicate that the ENSO impact on temperatures over this region is nonlinear and nonstationary. We have found the way in which, during the decades prior to 1980s, the increase in temperatures is related to La Niña in summer and to El Niño in fall during the decades after the 1980s, which shows a change in the seasonality of the impact. We study the dynamical mechanisms involved, which suggest a circumglobal response for summer and an arching-like teleconnection pattern in fall. The aforementioned warmer conditions in western European temperatures are found to be significantly correlated to ENSO characteristics of previous seasons, which suggests a potential source for improving the seasonal forecast.Item Exploring the interplay of climate and hygrothermal risk for insulated wall assemblies in the iberian peninsula(University of Cantabria - Building Technology R&D Group, 2018) Arregi, Beñat; Villegas, Luis; Lombillo, Ignacio; Blanco, Haydee; Boffill, Yosbel; Villegas, Luis; Lombillo, Ignacio; Blanco, Haydee; Boffill, Yosbel; EDIFICACIÓN DE ENERGÍA POSITIVAOn the road towards an energy neutral building stock, increasingly demanding insulation levels are advised for both new and retrofitted buildings. While centuries of past experience have led to vernacular construction methods suited to local climates, the incorporation of thermal insulation to existing walls fundamentally alters their moisture balance and drying capacity. The impact of insulation assemblies on moisture risk is relatively well studied for cold climates; however, research and case studies are scarce for the warmer climates of Southern Europe, where such highly insulated walls have been unusual up to now. This paper presents a parametric study evaluating the hygrothermal performance of 3 types of insulated wall assemblies exposed to 5 climates of the Iberian Peninsula. In particular, the influence of climatic parameters on hygrothermal risk is investigated, using transient numerical simulation methods. Results show that the impact of solar irradiation and wind-driven rain over different orientations can outweigh that of temperature and humidity. Moreover, their combined effect can be either beneficial or detrimental, depending on the interplay of the specific climate and type of assembly. Hence, it has been found that simplified assessment methods that do not consider the impact of wind-driven rain underestimate risk significantly for certain scenarios. Finally, the hygrothermal performance of the assessed wall assemblies is evaluated in the context of Iberian climates, discussing possible improvements.