Browsing by Keyword "Ancillary services"
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Item Battery Storage Demonstration Projects An Overview Across Europe(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Astero, Poria; Maki, Kari; Evens, Corentin; Papadimitriou, Christina; Efthymiou, Venizelos; Niebe, Astrid; Holly, Stefanie; Marinelli, Mattia; Gabderakhmanova, Tatiana; Melendez, Joaquim; Herraiz, Sergio; Rodriguez-Sanchez, Raul; Morch, Andrei; De Urtasun, Laura Gimenez; Fernandez, Gregorio; Divshali, Poria Hasanpor; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThis paper summarises results and experiences from several demonstration projects across European countries in the field of battery energy storage system (BESS) integration to the power system. These research projects are selected among research institutes and universities that are part of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) Joint Program on Smart Grids. The paper categorizes these projects according to the demonstrated applications of BESS and then reviews specific aspects of each project. This paper provides an opportunity to find out the summary of the most recent results as well as challenges and open research questions in projects focusing on different BESS application in the power system.Item Exploiting flexibility of radio base stations in local DSO markets for congestion management with shared balancing responsibility between TSO and DSO(CIGRE, 2018) Madina, Carlos; Jimeno, Joseba; Merino, J.; Pardo, M.; Marroquin, M.; Estrade, E.Electric power systems are facing major challenges as fossil fuel generation is replaced by renewable generation, which is often characterised by variable behaviour. This increases the need for resources to be used to guarantee voltage and frequency stability and to ensure power quality. At the same time, an increasing number of flexible demand and storage systems are being located at distribution level. All these resources can potentially provide network services if they are aggregated effectively. To achieve this, however, the roles of the diverse network stakeholders –transmission systems operators (TSOs), distribution systems operators (DSOs) and aggregators– should be reshaped. Together, the way realtime electricity markets are organised must also be adapted to reflect the new operating environment. The project SmartNet (http://smartnet-project.eu/) compares five TSO-DSO coordination schemes and different real-time market architectures with the aim of finding out which one could deliver the best compromise between costs and benefits for the system. An ad-hoc-developed platform is used to carry out simulations on three benchmark countries –Italy, Denmark and Spain– whose results are used to perform a cost-benefit analysis. This analysis compares the benefits drawn by the system with the ICT costs needed to implement each coordination scheme. In parallel, three demonstration projects (pilots) are deployed for testing specific technological solutions to enable monitoring, control and participation in ancillary services provision from flexible entities located in distribution networks. This paper summarises the achievements of the Spanish pilot during the first two years of operation. The pilot includes technical and economic aspects, under the “Shared balancing responsibility model”, to demonstrate the feasibility of using urban, distributed radio base stations to provide ancillary services for the DSO through demand side management. In this model, the balancing responsibility is divided between the TSO and the DSO, so that each of them must ensure a predefined schedule in the common border. With that aim, the DSO organises a local market to respect the schedule agreed with the TSO, while the TSO has no access to resources connected to the distribution grid. Commercial market parties such as aggregators become flexibility providers of aggregated distributed energy resources at the local market and the DSO allocates flexibility among them in a competitive manner. Additionally, the local market is used also by the DSO for managing the congestions in its own grid.Item Methodology for Tuning MTDC Supervisory and Frequency-Response Control Systems at Terminal Level under Over-Frequency Events(2020-06) Haro-Larrode, Marta; Santos-Mugica, Maider; Etxegarai, Agurtzane; Eguia, Pablo; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMSThis paper proposes a methodology for tuning a supervisory and frequency-response outer loop control system of a multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) grid designed to transmit o_shore wind energy to an onshore AC grid, and to provide frequency support during over-frequency events. The control structure is based on a master–slave scheme and ensures the achievement of frequency response, with specific implementation of the UK national grid code limited-frequency sensitive (LFSM) and frequency-sensitive (FSM) modes. The onshore AC grid is modelled with an equivalent frequency-response model to simulate the onshore AC grid dynamics under frequency deviations. The main innovation of this paper is the development of a methodology for tuning simultaneously two hierarchical levels of a MTDC coordinated control structure, i.e., the MTDC supervisor, given by the active power set point for slave terminal, and the slope of frequency-response functions at onshore terminals. Based on these two hierarchical levels, di_erent strategies are evaluated in terms of frequency peak reductions and change of the frequency order type. Moreover, tuning guidance is given when a di_erent MTDC control structure or di_erent synchronous generator characteristics of the onshore AC grid are considered.Item Real-Time Flexibility Market Participation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads(IEEE, 2022) Jimeno, Joseba; Ruiz, Nerea; Madina, Carlos; Gonzalez-Garrido, Amaia; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMSThe objective of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of using the aggregated flexibility of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) to provide balancing and congestion management services to system operators through the participation in a real-time flexibility market. To this aim, a TCL aggregation model that employs a bottom-up approach based on physical end-use load models has been developed. A direct load control (DLC) scheme is considered, where the control variable is the thermostat temperature setpoint. This temperature can be manipulated between the upper and lower limits set by end-users, who receive an economic compensation in exchange for the loss of comfort. As output a set of flexibility bids to be sent to the market are obtained. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed aggregation model and estimate the overall flexibility potential from TCLs, a large-scale case study, based on a future power system in Spain has been considered.Item VALIDACIÓN DE NUEVOS ESQUEMAS DE COORDINACIÓN TSO/DSO PARA FAVORECER LA INTEGRACIÓN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES EN EL SISTEMA ELÉCTRICO EN EL HORIZONTE 2030+ - EL PROYECTO SMARTNET(Grupo Tecma Red S.L., 2016) Merino, Julia; Madina, Carlos; Jimeno, Joseba; Gerard, HelenaEl proyecto SmartNet se enmarca dentro del programa H2020 de la Comisión Europea. Con una duración de tres años y 22 socios entre Industria, Centros de Investigación y Universidades, tiene como objetivo el desarrollo e implementación de soluciones novedosas que permitan incrementar la proporción de energías renovables en el sistema eléctrico en el horizonte 2030+. Para ello, se han definido cinco esquemas de coordinación TSO/DSO orientados a definir la solución óptima para la provisión de servicios auxiliares desde las redes de distribución al sistema de transporte, así como los mecanismos de intercambio de información necesarios. Estos esquemas de coordinación se van a simular y, finalmente validar en tres pilotos en Italia, Dinamarca y España.