Browsing by Keyword "3D printing"

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    Application of 3D printing on the design and development of pharmaceutical oral dosage forms
    (2024-09) Paccione, Nicola; Guarnizo-Herrero, Víctor; Ramalingam, Murugan; Larrarte, Eider; Pedraz, José Luis; Generales
    3D printing technologies confer an unparalleled degree of control over the material distribution on the structures they produce, which has led them to become an extremely attractive research topic in pharmaceutical dosage form development, especially for the design of personalized treatments. With fine tuning in material selection and careful design, these technologies allow to tailor not only the amount of drug administered but the biopharmaceutical behaviour of the dosage forms as well. While fused deposition modelling (FDM) is still the most studied 3D printing technology in this area, others are gaining more relevance, which has led to many new and exciting dosage forms developed during 2022 and 2023. Considering that these technologies, in time, will join the current manufacturing methods and with the ever-increasing knowledge on this topic, our review aims to explore the advantages and limitations of 3D printing technologies employed in the design and development of pharmaceutical oral dosage forms, giving special focus to the most important aspects governing the resulting drug release profiles.
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    Electrical Conductive Properties of 3D-PrintedConcrete Composite with Carbon Nanofibers
    (2022-11) Goracci, Guido; Salgado, David M.; Gaitero, Juan J.; Dolado, Jorge S.; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; ECOEFICIENCIA DE PRODUCTOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN
    Electrical conductive properties in cement-based materials have received attention in recent years due to their key role in many innovative application (i.e., energy harvesting, deicing systems, electromagnetic shielding, and self-health monitoring). In this work, we explore the use 3D printing as an alternative method for the preparation of electrical conductive concretes. With this aim, the conductive performance of cement composites with carbon nanofibers (0, 1, 2.5, and 4 wt%) was explored by means of a combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and compared with that of specimens prepared with the traditional mold method. The combination of TGA and DS gave us a unique insight into the electrical conductive properties, measuring the specimens’ performance while monitoring the amount in water confined in the porous network. Experimental evidence of an additional contribution to the electrical conductivity due to sample preparation is provided. In particular, in this work, a strong correlation between water molecules in interconnected pores and the (Formula presented.) values is shown, originating, mainly, from the use of the 3D printing technique.
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    Experimental Characterization of Screw-Extruded Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polyamide: Design for Aeronautical Mould Preforms with Multiphysics Computational Guidance
    (2024-02) Antolin-Urbaneja, Juan Carlos; Vallejo Artola, Haritz; Bellvert Rios, Eduard; Gayoso Lopez, Jorge; Hernández Vicente, Jose Ignacio; Luengo Pizarro, Ana Isabel; ROBOTICA_AUTOMA; MAQUINAS; Caracterización y Validación. Mecánicos
    In this research work, the suitability of short carbon fibre-reinforced polyamide 6 in pellet form for printing an aeronautical mould preform with specific thermomechanical requirements is investigated. This research study is based on an extensive experimental characterization campaign, in which the principal mechanical properties of the printed material are determined. Furthermore, the temperature dependency of the material properties is characterized by testing samples at different temperatures for bead printing and stacking directions. Additionally, the thermal properties of the material are characterized, including the coefficient of thermal expansion. Moreover, the influence of printing machine parameters is evaluated by comparing the obtained tensile moduli and strengths of several manufactured samples at room temperature. The results show that the moduli and strengths can vary from 78% to 112% and from 55% to 87%, respectively. Based on a real case study of its aeronautical use and on the experimental data from the characterization stage, a new mould design is iteratively developed with multiphysics computational guidance, considering 3D printing features and limitations. Specific design drivers are identified from the observed material’s thermomechanical performance. The designed mould, whose mass is reduced around 90% in comparison to that of the original invar design, is numerically proven to fulfil thermal and mechanical requirements with a high performance.
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    Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Fire Resistance of Geopolymer Materials Based on Mining Slag
    (2024-02) Eizaguirre-Iribar, Arritokieta; Sakkas, Konstantinos; Georgopoulos, Christos; Olano-Azkune, Xabier; Ingenieria del Fuego
    Developing geopolymer materials based on waste is being promoted as an approach to reduce landfilling and encourage a circular economy. In this regard, high-performance geopolymers based on mining slag are developed for fire protection products, where the manufacturing method could have an influence. Accordingly, this paper assesses the fire resistance performance of two geopolymer products based on the same slag but produced considering two different manufacturing processes (precast and 3D printed), mainly focused on their use for tunnels. Furthermore, it studies other fire resistance evaluation methods (laboratory tests at different scales, in-situ tests, and computer based simulations), identifying their suitability for product development or research phases. On the one hand, results show that the production method affects the fire resistance performance since tested geopolymers reveal different thermal transmittance and mechanical behavior in prolonged or extreme fire exposure due to the diverse nature of the geopolymer material itself the first one is ductile material while the second a brittle material. In this sense, the 3D printed material shows a better thermal performance, but this can be significantly affected by the fastening configuration used. On the other hand, a step-by-step methodology based on the combination of the different fire resistance evaluation methods is presented to facilitate the product assessment during the various product development stages and for different system configurations or end-use applications.
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    Life cycle assessment (LCA) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis to determine the performance of 3D printed cement mortars and geopolymers
    (2022-07-19) Yoris-Nobile, Adrian I.; Lizasoain-Arteaga, Esther; Slebi-Acevedo, Carlos J.; Blanco-Fernandez, Elena; Alonso-Cañon, Sara; Indacoechea-Vega, Irune; Castro-Fresno, Daniel; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR
    A comparison between low-clinker cement and geopolymer mortars for their application in 3 D printing is discussed in this paper. The mortars are composed of materials with low environmental impact, such as cements with low clinker content, by-products of the industry and recycled aggregates. The developed mortars were both mechanically and rheologically characterized. The environmental impact was studied by LCA. To select the most suitable dosages, MCDM analysis was applied based on cost of materials, printability and LCA. Compressive strength was considered as a normalizing parameter for both the LCA and cost. The mortars showed good printability and suitable mechanical strength, being higher in the cement mortars. The LCA showed that the geopolymer mortars have a higher environmental impact due to the use of sodium hydroxide. Likewise, MCDM revealed that low-clinker cement mortars are at the top of the ranking, due to a lower environmental impact and lower cost of materials.
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    Novel sensorized additive manufacturing-based enlighted tooling concepts for aeronautical parts
    (2024-12) Uralde, Virginia; Veiga, Fernando; Suarez, Alfredo; Lopez, Alberto; Goenaga, Igor; Ballesteros, Tomas; FABRIC_INTEL; INDUSTRY_THINGS; MAQUINAS
    This paper presents lightweight tooling concepts based on additive manufacturing, with the aim of developing advanced tooling systems as well as installing sensors for real-time monitoring and control during the anchoring and manufacturing of aeronautical parts. Leveraging additive manufacturing techniques in the production of tooling yields benefits in manufacturing flexibility and material usage. These concepts transform traditional tooling systems into active, intelligent tools, improving the manufacturing process and part quality. Integrated sensors measure variables such as displacement, humidity and temperature allowing data analysis and correlation with process quality variables such as accuracy errors, tolerances achieved and surface finish. In addition to sensor integration, additive manufacturing by directed energy arc and wire deposition (DED-arc) has been selected for part manufacturing. The research includes the mechanical characterisation of the material and the microstructure of the material once manufactured by DED-arc. Design for additive manufacturing" principles guide the design process to effectively exploit the capabilities of DED-arc. These turrets, equipped with sensors, allow real-time monitoring and control of turret deformation during clamping and manufacturing of aeronautical parts. As a first step, deformation monitoring is carried out within the defined tolerance of ± 0.15, which allows a control point to be established in the turret. Future analysis of the sensor data will allow correlations with process quality variables to be established. Remarkably, the optimised version of the turret after applying DED technology weighed only 2.2 kg, significantly lighter than the original 6 kg version. Additive manufacturing and the use of lightweight structures for fixture fabrication, followed by the addition of sensors, provide valuable information and control, improving process efficiency and part quality. This research contributes to the development of intelligent and efficient tool systems for aeronautical applications.
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    Obtaining preforms by additive fused deposition modelling (FDM) extrusion technology for the manufacture of high-performance composites
    (2022-06) Mendizabal, M. A.; Garcia, Maitane; Palenzuela, Luis; Hernández, Enrique; POLIMEROS; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; COMPOSITE
    The composites industry is present in practically all industrial sectors with an annual growth rate of 5%. Its contribution to the priority "light-weighting" driver in the transport sector is key. The efficiency of the industry is made possible by the evolution of manufacturing processes that also improve the performance of the products obtained. For example, out-of-autoclave (OOA) processes can obtain high-performance composites such as those obtained by the autoclave process at lower costs. A key aspect in the development of this type of process is the preforming of continuous fibre reinforcements, which can achieve high fibre percentages while facilitating processing. Manufacturing these preforms currently requires multiple steps, equipment and tooling. TECNALIA's work developing the ADDICOMP technology, an alternative preform manufacturing method using an additive process based on Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is detailed in this article. This development is patented by Tecnalia and was conducted in 2 phases: (a) development of continuous fibre filaments coated with polymeric material and printable by FDM and (b) fine-tuning of FDM technology to print filaments with a very high content of continuous fibre.