Browsing by Author "Zabala, Eduardo"
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Item Added value services for EV charging management(IEEE, 2013-11) Rodríguez-Sánchez, Raúl; Vidal, Narcís; Zabala, Eduardo; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe deployment of Electrical Vehicles (EV) is not taking place at the expected rate. Consumers’ tendency to value losses higher than gains works against electric vehicles when comparing them to traditional solutions. In this context, added value services may support business models with additional incomes, business differentiation or appealing mobility concepts. In the frame of the Green eMotion FP7 project, added value services will be proposed and their implementation in backend systems studied, in order to permit a widespread and sustainable deployment of EVs. Services and functionalities are delimited by business models defining the overall stakeholder relationship framework. Therefore, the latter will have direct influence, not only at economical level but also in technical aspects of the implementation of added value services. EV services are classified in two main groups: those provided by the EVs to the network and those provided by service providers to end-users. EVs characteristics make them especially suitable for service oriented business, while ICT solutions appear as key enablers of new sustainable mobility concepts. It is very important to decide which services and how these services need to be implemented to allow a wide range of business models to be applied. Interoperability is another essential aspect when dealing with EVs, since all systems involved in service provision should be able to communicate with each other. This will allow EV users to have transparent and efficient driving experiences, together with lower cost solutions. New advances in communication standards definition and in interoperability assessment (COTEVOS FP7 EU project) are currently going on and will tackle this challenge.Item Assessment of ICT-based Architectures for the integration of EVs in smart grids(2015-12) Rodríguez-Sánchez, Raúl; Madina, Carlos; Zabala, Eduardo; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe involvement of Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) systems in the evolution of distribution networks towards smart grid approaches is critical. The use of ICTs in the electrical system is already a fact, mainly in transmission but also at energy distribution level. It is expected that this dependency will increase in the future and, among other functionalities, it will help integrate distributed energy resources (DER), including electric vehicles (EVs), into network operation. Both remote communications and automated actions will be a characteristic of smart grids design, permitting higher levels of control and visibility in distribution networks. In general, smart grid features and processes in the fields of distribution automation, advanced metering, DER integration and customer empowering will condition the availability of services. DER system involvement in network operation processes is one of the main tools for flexibility enhancement in smart grids and the principal scope of this study. The services that could most suitably be provided by EVs to the network have been analysed through use case descriptions, involving: frequency regulation, load balancing, voltage regulation/reactive power provision, peak shaving, load profile flattening and renewable energy system (RES) integration. As result of the study, general ICT system requirements, including a network architecture, are proposed for the provision of advanced network services by EVs and other demand resources in smart grid environments.Item Business and services models for electric vehicles(Electri-City.mobi, 2012-11-21) Madina, Carlos; Coppola, Giovanni; Schumann, Detlef; Hartung, Patrice; Zabala, EduardoThis paper introduces the approach for the business models analysis for electric vehicles, as followed in the FP7 EU-funded Green eMotion project. The main goal of Green eMotion is to enable a mass deployment of electric mobility in Europe. For that purpose, Green eMotion will connect ongoing regional and national electric mobility initiatives leveraging the results and comparing different technology approaches to ensure the best solutions prevail for the European market. A virtual marketplace will be created to enable the different actors to interact and to allow for new highvalue transportation services as well as electric vehicle (EV) user convenience in billing (EU Clearing House). In addition, the Green eMotion project will demonstrate the integration of electric mobility into electricity networks and contribute to the improvement and development of new and existing standards for electric mobility interfaces. In order to facilitate large-scale EVs roll-out in terms of social acceptance, commercial viability and system/environmental impact, the most suited business models should be identified and assessed according to a methodology taking into account all economic transactions between the different participating stakeholders.Item Economic assessment of strategies to deploy publicly accessible charging infrastructure(mdpi, 2015-12) Madina, Carlos; Barlag, Heike; Coppola, Giovanni; Gómez-Arriola, Inés; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Raúl; Zabala, Eduardo; Tecnalia Research & InnovationFrom the end user perspective, the main barriers for widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption are high purchase cost and range anxiety, both regarding battery capacity and availability of accessible EV charging infrastructure. Governments and public bodies in general are taking steps towards overcoming these barriers by, among others, setting up regulatory requirements regarding standardisation, customer information and recommending objectives of publicly accessible charging infrastructure. However, the economic performance of publicly accessible charging infrastructure is unknown and any deployment plan should be backed up by a rigorous cost-benefit analysis, to check the efficiency of the plan in economic terms. This paper presents the results of the economic assessment performed within the FP7 EU-funded Green eMotion project, where relevant conclusions for helping industry strategic approach and decision makers have been taken.Item Economic Impact of Distribution Grid Operation Scenarios for the Integration of Electric Vehicles(2014-12-03) Madina, Carlos; Zabala, Eduardo; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Raúl; Turienzo, Elena; Lopez, Jose Antonio; Tecnalia Research & InnovationElectric Vehicles (EVs) will become an important part of the transport system in Europe and can thus create a number of benefits in term of oil dependence reduction, air quality improvement and trade balance enhancement. However, they can also become a burden for distribution system operator (DSOs) if they charge in an uncontrolled way. In addition, the increasing deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) and other distributed energy resources (DER) are making the distribution grid planning more complicated than in the past, when consumers were considered to be passive elements and grid was dimensioned to meet peak demand. PlanGridEV project proposes new planning procedures, which take into account the possibility to manage consumers’ electricity demand, including the charging process of EVs, both to better integrate DER and to more efficiently plan the investments in the distribution grid. The planning rules will be validated by carrying out four test beds, which will serve as an input for assessing the economic performance of four scenarios, representing four theoretical alternatives for distribution grid planning. Different services that EVs can provide to DSOs and other actors in the e-mobility ecosystem will be analysed in each scenario. Then, a grid planning tool will be developed to help DSOs consider EVs and demand and other demand response (DR) capabilities when planning distribution grid extension.Item EV integration in smart grids through interoperability solutions(Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, 2015) Rodríguez, Raúl; Madina, Carlos; Zabala, Eduardo; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMSThe high total cost of ownership and the uncertainties surrounding battery reliability are still the main barriers for electric vehicle (EV) market take off in Europe. Storage evolution, leading to both price reduction and performance improvement, is a huge technical challenge in the medium-long term. In the meantime, new business models and market niche developments might play a facilitator role for EV deployment by tackling the economic gap between conventional ICE and electromobility (e-mobility) solutions. Based on the analysis of the state of the art, this paper considers new business model aspects, but with an especial focus on smart grid integration and interoperability. Available solutions for electro-mobility are sketched out and presented according to the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM), giving hints on regulation, business, services, components and communication and information. The smart grid integration of EVs is highly dependent on the interoperability of e-mobility solutions with electric network management procedures. In addition, it is expected that the interoperability between different e-mobility developments results in lower prices and extended services availability for final users. This makes this subject to be of great importance at international level. To achieve this, it is necessary to be able to assess interoperability, not only at the level of physical systems but at all domains, including stakeholder interactions in the frame of a broad diversity of services, business models and regulatory schemes. COTEVOS project aim is to help tackle this challenge.Item Methodology for assessing electric vehicle charging infrastructure business models(2016-02-01) Madina, Carlos; Zamora, Inmaculada; Zabala, Eduardo; POWER SYSTEMS; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe analysis of economic implications of innovative business models in networked environments, as electro-mobility is, requires a global approach to ensure that all the involved actors obtain a benefit. Although electric vehicles (EVs) provide benefits for the society as a whole, there are a number of hurdles for their widespread adoption, mainly the high investment cost for the EV and for the infrastructure. Therefore, a sound business model must be built up for charging service operators, which allows them to recover their costs while, at the same time, offer EV users a charging price which makes electro-mobility comparable to internal combustion engine vehicles. For that purpose, three scenarios are defined, which present different EV charging alternatives, in terms of charging power and charging station ownership and accessibility. A case study is presented for each scenario and the required charging station usage to have a profitable business model is calculated. We demonstrate that private home charging is likely to be the preferred option for EV users who can charge at home, as it offers a lower total cost of ownership under certain conditions, even today. On the contrary, finding a profitable business case for fast charging requires more intensive infrastructure usage.