Browsing by Author "Urrutia, Iker"
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Item Methodology and Power Spectral Density Limits Proposal for Non Intentional Emissions in frequencies below 150 kHz(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020-05) Perez, Noelia Uribe; Arechalde, Ibon; Castro, Marta; Sendin, Alberto; Urrutia, Iker; Gomez, Juan Sebastian; Oficina de Proyectos Digital; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; GeneralesIEC 61000-2-2 has been evolving to establish compatibility levels for low frequency conducted disturbances and signaling in public low voltage (LV) power supply systems in the frequency range 2 kHz to 150 kHz. One of the objectives of these compatibility levels is to guarantee coexistence of NB-PLC (Narrowband Powerline Communications) technologies, a widely extended solution among utilities for several LV applications such as smart metering, with the presence of Non-Intentional Emissions (NIE) injected in the distribution grid by electrical and electronic devices. However, as it has been demonstrated in several researches, the aforementioned compatibility levels are not sufficient to guarantee a good performance, and new generation NB-PLC technologies (as any other telecommunication technology or system) are impaired when such levels are encountered in the grid. The main reason is that the limits set in Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards are based on quasi-peak values measured over 200 Hz bands and not on total power injected over the operating frequency range, which actually is the parameter impacting NB-PLC technologies performance. This paper presents the results of a group of tests that demonstrate this limitation, and proposes a complementary limit in terms of unintentional total power injected (Power Spectral Density or PSD) to complement the existing limit definition. The spectral power density of NIE should be limited in EMC standards to ensure a correct coexistence of NIE sources and NB-PLC technologies.Item Performance of PLC communications in frequency bands from 150 kHz to 500 kHz(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017-04-11) Arechalde, Ibon; Castro, Marta; Garcia-Borreguero, Ibone; Sendín, Alberto; Urrutia, Iker; Fernandez, Ainara; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; Generales; Datos y ProtocolosOne of the most common communications technologies being used as the media to access the meters in Smart Metering deployments is Narrowband Power Line Communications (NB-PLC), mainly in Europe but also in other places. Most of the systems available in the market under NB-PLC are extending the frequency bands used in order to increase their bandwidth and avoid interferences from other devices in the network. This paper presents results obtained in real-field tests performed by Iberdrola and Tecnalia in an urban LV distribution network representative of this kind of installations in Europe. The objective of the tests is to verify the performance of a NB-PLC technology using frequency bands from 150 kHz to 500 kHz. The tests have been developed in several points of the same LV distribution network, checking point to point connections among them. Apart from the performance of the different links, the noise levels measured at the reception points have been also analyzed.