Browsing by Author "Perez, Susana"
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Item Advances in membranes and membrane reactors for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process for biofuel production(2022-01-01) Liuzzi, Dalia; Fernandez, Ekain; Perez, Susana; Ipiñazar, Enrique; Arteche, Amaya; Fierro, José Luís G.; Viviente, Jose Luis; Pacheco Tanaka, David Alfredo; Rojas, Sergio; TECNOLOGÍAS DE HIDRÓGENO; VALORIZACIÓN DE RESIDUOS; Mercado; TECNOLOGÍA DE MEMBRANAS E INTENSIFICACIÓN DE PROCESOSThe biomass-to-liquid (BtL) process is a promising technology to obtain clean, liquid, second-generation biofuels and chemicals. The BtL process, which comprises several steps, is based upon the gasification of biomass and the catalytic transformation of the syngas that is obtained via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction, producing a hydrocarbon pool known as syncrude. The FTS process is a well-established technology, and there are currently very large FTS plants operating worldwide that produce liquid fuels and hydrocarbons from natural gas (NG) (gas-to-liquids, GtL process) and coal (coal-to-liquids, CtL process). Due to the limited availability of local biomass, the size of the BtL plants should be downscaled compared to that of a GtL or CtL plant. Since the feasibility of the XtL (X refers to any energy source that can be converted to liquid, including coal, NG, biomass, municipal solid waste, etc.) processes is strongly influenced by the economies of scale, the viability of small-scale BtL plants can be compromised. An interesting approach to overcome this issue is to increase the productivity of the FTS process by developing reactors and catalysts with higher productivities to generate the desired product fraction. Recently, by integrating membrane reactors with the FTS process the gas feeding and separation unit have been demonstrated in a single reactor. In this review, the most significant achievements in the field of catalytic membrane reactors for the FTS process will be discussed. Different types of membranes and configurations of membrane reactors, including H2O separation and H2-feed distribution, among others, will be analyzed.Item Virtualization of the wireless medium: A simulation-based study(2009) Perez, Susana; Cabero, Jose Maria; Miguel, Eder; GENERAL; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThis work considers virtualization of the wireless medium as a mean to share common network physical infrastructure by different Virtual Operators (VO) based on a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) virtualization technique. We have developed a Wireless Medium Virtualization Framework (WMVF) to analyze the performance of a variable number of VOs (with one or more types of traffic) accessing to the same wireless medium through the same wireless node in a coordinated way. Extensive simulations have been carried out to assess the impact of wireless medium virtualization based on relevant parameters such as the type of traffic, the number of VOs and the specific wireless technology. Delay, jitter and the utilization of the network are the metrics used in this paper to show the potential and limitations of wireless virtualization as a way to increase network usage. This work has been carried out partially inside the European Project 4WARD (FP7 Project reference: 216041)