Browsing by Author "Kostić, Milos"
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Item Design and Fabrication of Printed Human Skin Model Equivalent Circuit: A Tool for Testing Biomedical Electrodes without Human Trials(2022-02) Peřinka, Nikola; Štrbac, Matija; Kostić, Milos; Malešević, Jovana; Castro, Nélson; Correia, Vítor; Lanceros-Méndez, Senentxu; SGWithin the efforts of developing a new generation of biomedical electrodes with embedded switching logics, developing safe and simple procedures for testing these novel systems is tackled. The development and demonstration of an all-printed flexible testbed for automated validation and testing of multi pad systems is presented. The system is based on a Human model equivalent circuit (HMEC), which, when connected to the electrical stimulation system, mirrors the electrical behavior of biomedical electrodes and their specific interface material as if they are placed on a human subject. A simulation model of the electrical stimulation system components was developed based on the experimental data, in order to optimize printed electronic components’ characteristics and design. The testbed is composed of five layers of different conductive and dielectric materials screen-printed on a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate. The system was prototyped with the characteristic values of the HMEC matching the average experimental data acquired from human subjects. Thus, it is demonstrated that an all printed flexible HMEC is a feasible approach to enabling the functional testing of transcutaneous electrical stimulation devices required for their fabrication, evaluation and optimization, reducing the need for tests on human subjects in the development phase of new systems.Item Electrotactile Stimulation, A New Feedback Channel for First Responders(Springer, 2021-07-04) Štrbac, Matija; Isaković, Milica; Malešević, Jovana; Marković, Gorana; Došen, Strahinja; Jorgovanović, Nikola; Bijelić, Goran; Kostić, Milos; Ayaz, Hasan; Asgher, Umer; Paletta, Lucas; SG; MercadoThis paper presents the early results of research aiming to develop a novel system for unobtrusive and intuitive electrotactile feedback for first responders. The system leverages the multi-pad stimulation technology based on spatiotemporal modulation of the stimuli. Two-point discrimination threshold mapping was performed in potential electrode placement locations, defined from the usability perspective by the first responders in initial co-development sessions. Based on these results a custom electrode design was proposed and validated in six healthy volunteers. Psychometric testing was conducted to determine spatial discrimination between stimuli produced by the multi-pad electrode. The average success rate of 80% indicates that the proposed approach is feasible.