TECNALIA Publications Repository :: Browsing by Author "Jimeno, Joseba"

Browsing by Author "Jimeno, Joseba"

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Aggregation of thermostatically controlled loads for flexibility markets
(2019-06) Jimeno, Joseba; Ruiz, Nerea; Madina, Carlos; POWER SYSTEMS
This paper presents a tool for an aggregator of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) to optimally combine their flexibilities into a few representative bids to be submitted to flexibility markets. The tool employs a “bottom-up” approach based on physical end-use load models, being the individual flexibility of each individual TCL simulated with a second-order thermal model describing the dynamics of the house. The approach is based on a direct load control (DLC) of thermostat temperature set-point by the aggregator. End-users receive an economic compensation in exchange for the loss of comfort. The applicability of the proposed model is demonstrated in a simulation case study based on an actual power system in Spain.
Analysis of the applicability of the IEEE 2030.8 standard for testing a microgrid control system
(2021) Jimeno, Joseba; Merino, Julia; Perez-Basante, Angel; Gil-de-Muro, Asier; POWER SYSTEMS; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
To coordinate the operation of the different generating units, storage systems and loads belonging to a microgrid, typically a Microgrid Control System (MGCS) is needed. This MGCS defines the set points to be delivered to the controllable devices to guarantee the appropriate operation of the microgrid both from the technical and the economic perspectives. The MGCS must be able to operate the microgrid in islanded mode, grid-connected, and withstand the transitions between the two operatingmodes. Recently two international standards have been approved dealing with microgrid con-trollers, “IEEE 2030.7-2017 – IEEE Standard for the Specification of Microgrid Control-ler” and “IEEE 2030.8-2018 - IEEE Standard for the Testing of Microgrid Controllers”.
Architecture of a microgrid energy management system
(2011-03) Jimeno, Joseba; Anduaga, Jon; Oyarzabal, José; De Muro, Asier Gil; POWER SYSTEMS; POWER ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
In the framework of deregulated electricity markets, distributed generation and load management are emerging as new technologies. In this context, the microgrid concept adds value to distributed energy resources (DER) by aggregating them into autonomous grids that provide high levels of efficiency, security and controllability. In order to achieve its functions, a microgrid requires a control system in charge of operating the elements in it in an optimal way while the required quality parameters are fulfilled. This paper describes the general architecture of a microgrid energy management system (EMS) based on multi-agent system (MAS) technologies. MAS technologies are considered to be very well suited to systems that require plug and play capabilities, robustness, heterogeneous device integration, high scalability and extensibility. All of which are essential characteristics of a microgrid EMS. This paper also describes the implementation of a secondary control system based on the microgrid EMS architecture developed. This system is in charge of maintaining microgrid frequency and power exchange with the main grid close to predefined values. This is achieved in a way in which generation and consumption resources are optimally dispatched and able to operate in both grid connected and islanded modes. Finally, the control system developed is tested in an actual microgrid in order to assess its performance and demonstrate its applicability.
Coordinación entre TSO y DSO para aprovechar el potencial de flexibilidad de los recursos distribuidos conectados en las redes de distribución
(2018-11) Madina, Carlos; Sanchez, J.; Jimeno, Joseba; Pardo, M.; Merino, Julia; Duarte, M.; Marroquin, M.; Estrade, E.; POWER SYSTEMS; Tecnalia Research & Innovation
Los sistemas eléctricos se enfrenan a numerosos desafíos a medida que la generación basada en energías renovables sustituye en gran parte a la que emplea combustibles fósiles. El carácter estocástico de muchas fuentes de generación renovable aumenta el volumen de reservas necesarias para asegurar la estabilidad del sistema, tanto en lo que se refiere a la tensión como a la frecuencia. Igualmente, el creciente número de sistemas de generación y almacenamiento de pequeño tamaño y consumidores con capacidad de flexibilizar su demanda aumenta la cantidad de potenciales proveedores de servicios a los que los operadores de transporte y distribución pueden acudir para optimizar la gestión de sus redes. El proyecto SmartNet (http://smartnet-project.eu/) compara cinco posibles esquemas de coordinación entre TSO y DSO, con diferentes arquitecturas de mercado en tiempo real (5 minutos), a fin de determinar qué soluciones son mejores desde una perspectiva tecno-económica para el sistema eléctrico. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una metodología de coste-beneficio específica, que se ha aplicado a los distintos esquemas de coordinación en los tres países considerados en el proyecto: España, Italia y Dinamarca. En paralelo, se han desarrollado tres pilotos de demostración, en esos mismos tres países, con el objetivo de demostrar la viabilidad tecnológica de las soluciones propuestas. Cada piloto tiene una arquitectura, un esquema de coordinación y unos proveedores de flexibilidad diferentes. En concreto, el piloto español, desplegado en Barcelona, utiliza la flexibilidad de las baterías de respaldo de estaciones base de telefonía móvil para mejorar la operación de la red de distribución, mediante la creación de un mercado local gestionado por la distribuidora. Este artículo presenta las conclusiones preliminares del estudio de coste-beneficio para los diferentes esquemas de coordinación en los tres países, así como los resultados de los pilotos y, en particular, del desarrollado en España.
Coordinación TSO-DSO para el aprovechamiento de flexibilidad en la red de distribución: Proyecto Smartnet
(2019-01-29) Madina, Carlos; Jimeno, Joseba; Gómez-Arriola, Inés; Pardo, M.; Rossi, Marco; Migliavacca, Gianluigi; Kuusela, Pirkko; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMS
La descarbonización de los sistemas eléctricos está dificultando la operación de los mismos, en particular en lo que se refiere a la operación de las redes de transporte y distribución. En este contexto, es fundamental una mayor coordinación y cooperación entre los operadores de ambas redes a fin de garantizar la estabilidad del sistema. El proyecto SmartNet ha definido varias alternativas de coordinación entre el TSO y el DSO para el aprovechamiento de recursos conectados a la red de distribución y con capacidad de aportar flexibilidad. Posteriormente, se ha desarrollado un entorno de simulación para evaluar el impacto de las distintas alternativas en un escenario plausible a 2030 en Italia, Dinamarca y España. Cada una de las opciones de coordinación llevará aparejados una serie de costes (especialmente, ligados a los sistemas TICs), pero también aportará distintos beneficios al sistema, por lo que, mediante un análisis coste-beneficio, se puede comparar la bondad de cada una de ellas e identificar las más prometedoras en cada uno de los países objeto de estudio. Con el fin de demostrar la viabilidad tecnológica de las soluciones propuestas, así como para identificar las barreras operativas de las mismas, se han desplegado tres pilotos de demostración, uno en cada país de los anteriormente indicados. La presente comunicación presenta los principales desarrollos y las conclusiones más importantes de este proyecto.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of TSO-DSO coordination to operate flexibility markets
(2019-06) Madina, Carlos; Riaño, Sandra; Gómez-Arriola, Inés; Kuusela, Pirkko; Aghaie, Hamid; Jimeno, Joseba; Ruiz, Nerea; Rossi, Marco; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMS; SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOS
This paper presents the outcome of the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) for the different alternatives defined in the project SmartNet for the coordination between transmission system operators (TSOs) and distribution system operators (DSOs). The CBA compares five coordination schemes in three countries (Italy, Denmark and Spain) on the basis of several economic indicators. On top of them, it also calculates some non-economic indicators to enrich the analysis. The main results for the Italian and the Spanish cases are presented in this paper.
Exploiting flexibility of radio base stations in local DSO markets for congestion management with shared balancing responsibility between TSO and DSO
(2018) Madina, Carlos; Jimeno, Joseba; Merino, J.; Pardo, M.; Marroquin, M.; Estrade, E.; POWER SYSTEMS
Electric power systems are facing major challenges as fossil fuel generation is replaced by renewable generation, which is often characterised by variable behaviour. This increases the need for resources to be used to guarantee voltage and frequency stability and to ensure power quality. At the same time, an increasing number of flexible demand and storage systems are being located at distribution level. All these resources can potentially provide network services if they are aggregated effectively. To achieve this, however, the roles of the diverse network stakeholders –transmission systems operators (TSOs), distribution systems operators (DSOs) and aggregators– should be reshaped. Together, the way realtime electricity markets are organised must also be adapted to reflect the new operating environment. The project SmartNet (http://smartnet-project.eu/) compares five TSO-DSO coordination schemes and different real-time market architectures with the aim of finding out which one could deliver the best compromise between costs and benefits for the system. An ad-hoc-developed platform is used to carry out simulations on three benchmark countries –Italy, Denmark and Spain– whose results are used to perform a cost-benefit analysis. This analysis compares the benefits drawn by the system with the ICT costs needed to implement each coordination scheme. In parallel, three demonstration projects (pilots) are deployed for testing specific technological solutions to enable monitoring, control and participation in ancillary services provision from flexible entities located in distribution networks. This paper summarises the achievements of the Spanish pilot during the first two years of operation. The pilot includes technical and economic aspects, under the “Shared balancing responsibility model”, to demonstrate the feasibility of using urban, distributed radio base stations to provide ancillary services for the DSO through demand side management. In this model, the balancing responsibility is divided between the TSO and the DSO, so that each of them must ensure a predefined schedule in the common border. With that aim, the DSO organises a local market to respect the schedule agreed with the TSO, while the TSO has no access to resources connected to the distribution grid. Commercial market parties such as aggregators become flexibility providers of aggregated distributed energy resources at the local market and the DSO allocates flexibility among them in a competitive manner. Additionally, the local market is used also by the DSO for managing the congestions in its own grid.
Flexibility markets to procure system services. CoordiNet project
(IEEE, 2020-10-13) Madina, Carlos; Gomez-Arriola, Ines; Santos-Mugica, Maider; Jimeno, Joseba; Kessels, Kris; Trakas, Dimitris; Pablo Chaves, Jose; Ruwaida, Yvonne; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMS
The efficiency and reliability of electricity systems depend, among other aspects, on an efficient collaboration between the different market participants, which require updating the roles of all agents involved. The CoordiNet project, co-funded by the EU, intends to demonstrate how TSOs and DSOs can act in a coordinated manner, to purchase and activate system services, promote the cooperation of all actors and eliminate barriers for the active participation of DERs in the market. The results of the project will help to design scalable tools and methodologies for system operators and third parties to safely connect, manage and coordinate flexibility providers. This paper describes the developments in CoordiNet to ensure the interoperability of the different markets and platforms developed by TSOs and DSOs across Europe.
Framework for the integration of active tertiary prosumers into a smart distribution grid
(IEEE Computer Society, 2015-09-14) Jimeno, Joseba; Ruiz, Nerea; Tryferidis, Thanasis; Tzovaras, Dimitrios; Tsatsakis, Konstantinos; POWER SYSTEMS
This paper describes the approach taken in the collaborative project INERTIA [1] with the objective of introducing the Internet of Things-Services principles for enabling Demand Response (DR) operations. Nowadays, the continuously increasing presence of distributed intermittent energy sources along with inelasticity of demand pose significant challenges and undoubtedly have considerably negative impact on the overall operation of the electricity grid. Furthermore, the energy market is considered as inherently incomplete and imperfectly competitive mainly due to the characteristics and special nature of the commodity of power. Demand Side Management (DSM) as a supportive mechanism for grid operation and market participation, has the unleashed capacity to overcome some of the major barriers of controlling supply and demand becoming a powerful tool at the hands of Distribution Grid Operators as well as other market stakeholders. The proposed approach uses advanced and innovative Distributed Energy Resources (DER) models, occupancy prediction mechanisms, users' preferences extraction algorithms and DER monitoring and control technologies for making it possible to provide high volumes of demand flexibility without impacting on final user's comfort and DER utility levels. The demand flexibility made available at building level is then aggregated in order to offer significant flexibility volumes with high reliability degree to Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and other energy stakeholders.
Markets and platforms to coordinate the procurement of system services from large-scale and small-scale assets connected to the electricity network
(2020) Madina, Carlos; Santos-Mugica, Maider; Gómez-Arriola, Inés; Jimeno, Joseba; POWER SYSTEMS
The efficiency and the reliability of the electricity system depend on an efficient collaboration between the different market participants. New challenges for the power sector, which require updating the roles of all agents involved, have emerged due to the growing importance of renewable energy sources, the advance of distributed generation, the development of self-consumption, the storage of energy and the mass integration of the electric vehicles. In this context, the safe and efficient functioning of the electricity system is linked to exploiting the untapped flexibility potential in both generation and demand. Therefore, the coordination of distribution system operators (DSOs) and transmission system operators (TSOs) in the procurement of system services provided by units located in both distribution and transmission grids become one of the current challenges.
Real-Time Flexibility Market Participation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads
(IEEE, 2022) Jimeno, Joseba; Ruiz, Nerea; Madina, Carlos; Gonzalez-Garrido, Amaia; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMS
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of using the aggregated flexibility of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) to provide balancing and congestion management services to system operators through the participation in a real-time flexibility market. To this aim, a TCL aggregation model that employs a bottom-up approach based on physical end-use load models has been developed. A direct load control (DLC) scheme is considered, where the control variable is the thermostat temperature setpoint. This temperature can be manipulated between the upper and lower limits set by end-users, who receive an economic compensation in exchange for the loss of comfort. As output a set of flexibility bids to be sent to the market are obtained. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed aggregation model and estimate the overall flexibility potential from TCLs, a large-scale case study, based on a future power system in Spain has been considered.
Residential load forecasting under a demand response program based on economic incentives
(2015-08-01) Ruiz, Nerea; Claessens, Bert; Jimeno, Joseba; Lopez, Jose Antonio; Six, Daan; POWER SYSTEMS
This paper describes a tool for an Aggregator to forecast the aggregated load demand response of a group of domestic customers subscribed to an indirect load control program based on price/volume signals. The tool employs a bottom-up approach based on physical end-use load models where the individual responses of a random sample of customers are combined in order to build the aggregated load demand response model. Simulation of the individual responses is carried out with an optimization algorithm based on mixed integer linear programming that minimizes the electricity bill whilst maintaining consumer's comfort level. To improve the performance of the model, a genetic algorithm for fitting the input parameters according to measured data is also provided. The tool is intended to allow the Aggregator rehearsing the impact of different control strategies and therefore choosing the most appropriate ones for market participation and portfolio optimization. To exemplify the methodological applicability of the developed algorithm, a case study based on an actual power system in eastern Spain is considered.
Technologies and Protocols: The Experience of the Three SmartNet Pilots: The experience of the three smartnet pilots
(Springer, 2019-10-25) Madina, Carlos; Jimeno, Joseba; Ortolano, Luca; Palleschi, Margherita; Ebrahimy, Razgar; Madsen, Henrik; Pardo, Miguel; Corchero, Cristina; POWER SYSTEMS
The deployment of technological pilots is of paramount importance for testing and demonstrating the technical feasibility of the concepts described in this book for two main reasons. On the one hand, there are few real-life experiences in the application of these concepts, as TSO-DSO coordination is a relatively new topic. On the other hand, there may be some implementation difficulties which cannot be anticipated by the scenario analysis and CBA. Whenever possible, more than one pilot should be deployed, so that each of them can focus on different parts of the TSO-DSO coordination value chain. In that sense, it is important to demonstrate different potential TSO-DSO coordination schemes, so that issues arising from each of them can be identified. Moreover, it is also important to demonstrate different types of DER, so that their flexibilities can be better assessed and the advantages and disadvantages for real-life implementation can be properly identified and addressed. As a third complementarity aspect, having different technological pilots allows for focusing on different parts of the value chain, so that one of them may take the vision of the TSO or DSO, while another one can focus on the needs of the aggregator or DER owners.
Toolbox for aggregator of flexible demand
(2012) Koponen, Pekka; Ikaheimo, Jussi; Vicino, Antonio; Agnetis, Alessandro; De Pascale, Gianluca; Ruiz Carames, Nerea; Jimeno, Joseba; Sanchez-Ubeda, Eugenio F.; Garcia-Gonzalez, Pablo; Cossent, Rafael; POWER SYSTEMS
Flexibility of distributed energy resources is increasingly needed in the electricity markets and grids. But this dispersed flexibility can be used efficiently only if it is aggregated to wholesale market products. A set of software tools was developed for an actor or a company who aggregates flexible household demand for the electricity market and network operators. The tools comprise 1) short term forecasting of electricity market prices, 2) forecasting loads and their responses to control signals, 3) optimal selection of the control signals and consequently also the responses in each situation, 4) relevant external interfaces, and 5) a database and coordinating logic that integrate the tools into toolbox software. In addition to the operational time horizon tools also tools were considered for longer term decision making such as support for development of a portfolio of retail and wholesale market contracts in order to manage risks and maximize the value of flexibility.
Towards an interoperability roadmap for the energy transition
(2023-08) Reif, Valerie; Strasser, Thomas I.; Jimeno, Joseba; Farre, Marjolaine; Genest, Oliver; Gyrard, Amélie; McGranaghan, Mark; Lipari, Gianluca; Schütz, Johann; Uslar, Mathias; Vogel, Sebastian; Bytyqi, Arsim; Dornmair, Rita; Corusa, Andreas; Roy, Gaurav; Ponci, Ferdinanda; Dognini, Alberto; Monti, Antonello; POWER SYSTEMS
VALIDACIÓN DE NUEVOS ESQUEMAS DE COORDINACIÓN TSO/DSO PARA FAVORECER LA INTEGRACIÓN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES EN EL SISTEMA ELÉCTRICO EN EL HORIZONTE 2030+ - EL PROYECTO SMARTNET
(2016) Merino, Julia; Madina, Carlos; Jimeno, Joseba; Gerard, Helena; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; POWER SYSTEMS
El proyecto SmartNet se enmarca dentro del programa H2020 de la Comisión Europea. Con una duración de tres años y 22 socios entre Industria, Centros de Investigación y Universidades, tiene como objetivo el desarrollo e implementación de soluciones novedosas que permitan incrementar la proporción de energías renovables en el sistema eléctrico en el horizonte 2030+. Para ello, se han definido cinco esquemas de coordinación TSO/DSO orientados a definir la solución óptima para la provisión de servicios auxiliares desde las redes de distribución al sistema de transporte, así como los mecanismos de intercambio de información necesarios. Estos esquemas de coordinación se van a simular y, finalmente validar en tres pilotos en Italia, Dinamarca y España.

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