Browsing by Author "Jenkins, N."
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Item Electricity demand with electric cars in 2030: Comparing great britain and spa(2011-08) Papadopoulos, P.; Akizu, O.; Cipcigan, L. M.; Jenkins, N.; Zabala, E.; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe effect of domestic charging of electric vehicles (EVs) on electricity demand at a national level was addressed. A study case was created to investigate how different charging regimes (i.e. control policies) and EV-uptake levels will affect the electricity demand of Great Britain (GB) and Spain in 2030. Charging rates, battery capacities, and battery and charger efficiencies were drawn from literature. Traffic patterns were acquired from the British Department for Transport and the Spanish Ministry of Public Works. Uncontrolled, dual tariff (time-based control), dynamic price (price-based control) domestic charging regimes were defined and applied to both power systems for different EV utilization levels. The results show that for low EV utilization, the GB system would be able to cope with the increased demand that EV domestic charging would create. The Spanish system would need additional generation to cover the EV charging needs. The anticipated high EV utilization would almost double peak the demand in both countries.Item Microgrids - Large scale integration of microgeneration to low voltage grids(2006) Hatziargyriou, N.; Jenkins, N.; Strbac, G.; Pecas Lopes, J. A.; Ruela, J.; Engler, A.; Oyarzabal, J.; Kariniotakis, G.; Amorim, A.; POWER SYSTEMSMicrogrids comprise Low Voltage distribution systems with distributed energy sources, such as micro-turbines, fuel cells, PVs, etc., together with storage devices, i.e. flywheels, energy capacitors and batteries, and controllable loads, offering considerable control capabilities over the network operation. These systems are interconnected to the Medium Voltage Distribution network, but they can be also operated isolated from the main grid, in case of faults in the upstream network. From the customer point of view, Microgrids provide both thermal and electricity needs, and in addition enhance local reliability, reduce emissions, improve power quality by supporting voltage and reducing voltage dips, and potentially lower costs of energy supply. This paper outlines selected research findings of the EU funded MICROGRIDS project (Contract ENK-CT-2002-00610). These include: • Development and enhancement of Microsource controllers to support frequency and voltage based on droops. Application of software agents for secondary control. • Development of the Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC). Economic Scheduling functions have been developed and integrated in a software package able to simulate the capabilities of the MGCC to place bids to the market operator under various policies and to evaluate the resulting environmental benefits. • Analysis of the communication requirements of the Microgrids control architecture • Investigation of alternative market designs for trading energy and ancillary services within a Microgrid. Development of methods for the quantification of reliability and loss reduction. • Initial measurements from an actual LV installation.Item Open access simulation toolbox for the grid connection of offshore wind farms using multi-terminal HVDC networks(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017) Ugalde-Loo, C. E.; Adeuyi, O. D.; Wang, S.; Liang, J.; Jenkins, N.; Ceballos, S.; Santos, M.; Vidaurrazaga, I.; D'Arco, S.; Bergna, G.; Barenys, M.; Parker, M.; Finney, S.; Gatti, A.; Pitto, A.; Rapizza, M.; Cirio, D.; Lund, P.; Castro, A.; Azpiri, I.; POWER ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEM EQUIPMENT; POWER SYSTEMS; SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOSDecarbonisation of the European electricity system can become dauntingly costly due to transmission and distribution network issues arising from the integration of intermittent renewable generation sources. It is expected that wind energy will be the principal renewable source by 2050 and, as such, a number of initiatives in the academia and in the industry are being carried out to propose solutions to best accommodate the wind resource. This paper presents work carried out by DEMO 1 partners within the EU FP7 project BEST PATHS. A MATLAB/Simulink toolbox consisting of the necessary building blocks for the simulation and integration of offshore wind farms using enabling technologies such as multiterminal high-voltage direct-current grids is presented. To illustrate the toolbox capabilities, a number of system topologies is studied. System performance is assessed and measured against a set of key performance indicators. To ensure knowledge dissemination, the toolbox has been made available as open access in the BEST PATHS project website.