Browsing by Author "Iriondo, Edurne"
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Item Accuracy and Surface Quality Improvements in the Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V Parts Using Hot Single Point Incremental Forming(2019-06) Ortiz, Mikel; Penalva, Mariluz; Iriondo, Edurne; López de Lacalle, Luis Norberto; FABRIC_INTELThe present work focuses on the manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts using hot single point incremental forming (SPIF), a non-conventional forming technology mainly oriented toward the fabrication of prototypes, spare parts, or very low volume series. In the used procedure, the entire sheet is heated and kept at uniform temperature while the tool incrementally forms the part, with the limited accuracy of the obtained parts being the major drawback of the process. Thus, this work proposes two approaches to improve the geometric accuracy of Ti-6Al-4V SPIF parts: (i) correct the tool path by applying an intelligent process model (IPM) that counteracts deviations associated with the springback, and (ii) skip overforming deviations associated with the deflection of the sheet along the perimeter of the part based on a design improvement. For this purpose, a generic asymmetric design that incorporates features of a typical aerospace Ti-6Al-4V part is used. The results point out the potential of both solutions to significantly improve the accuracy of the parts. The application of the IPM model leads to an accuracy improvement up to 49%, whereas a 25.4% improvement can be attributed to the addendum introduction. The geometric accuracy study includes the two finishing operations needed to obtain the part, namely decontamination and trimming.Item Experimental characterization of the AA7075 aluminum alloy using hot shear compression test(2021-05) Bhujangrao, Trunal; Veiga, Fernando; Froustey, Catherine; Guérard, Sandra; Iriondo, Edurne; Darnis, Philippe; Mata, Franck Girot; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe experimental characterization of the material under shear loading is essential for researchers to study the plastic behavior of materials during manufacturing processes. Indeed, regardless of the loading mode, ductile materials mainly deform plastically under shear loading. Thus, for such material behavior analysis, shear tests are very useful. In this paper, a test procedure is defined to characterize the shear deformation of AA7075 aluminum alloy at high strain under compression loading. The Finite Element (FE) simulation is used to select the suitable specimen geometry for the testing. Finally, the experimental tests are carried out using a conventional compression device at a constant strain rate of 0.1 s−1 and at an elevated temperature of 20–500 °C. The results show that the drop in the flow stress curved relative to the increase in temperature exhibits the softening mechanism. The homogeneous behavior of the shear strain along the shear region was also observed and shown by the macro and micro images. The effect of temperature and equivalent strain on the evolution of the microstructure is discussed in detail. It is discovered that, various dynamic recrystallization mechanisms were recorded for aluminum alloy AA7075 depending on the imposed strain conditions.Item High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of IN718 Alloy: Comparison of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Samples: Comparison of additive manufactured and wrought samples(2020-08-09) Bhujangrao, Trunal; Veiga, Fernando; Suárez, Alfredo; Iriondo, Edurne; Mata, Franck Girot; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; FABRIC_INTELWire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is one of the most appropriate additive manufacturing techniques for producing large-scale metal components with a high deposition rate and low cost. Recently, the manufacture of nickel-based alloy (IN718) using WAAM technology has received increased attention due to its wide application in industry. However, insufficient information is available on the mechanical properties of WAAM IN718 alloy, for example in high-temperature testing. In this paper, the mechanical properties of IN718 specimens manufactured by the WAAM technique have been investigated by tensile tests and hardness measurements. The specific comparison is also made with the wrought IN718 alloy, while the microstructure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Fractographic studies were carried out on the specimens to understand the fracture behavior. It was shown that the yield strength and hardness of WAAM IN718 alloy is higher than that of the wrought alloy IN 718, while the ultimate tensile strength of the WAAM alloys is difficult to assess at lower temperatures. The microstructure analysis shows the presence of precipitates (laves phase) in WAAM IN718 alloy. Finally, the effect of precipitation on the mechanical properties of the WAAM IN718 alloy was discussed in detail.Item Innovative Tooling Solutions for Aircraft Assembly: A Case Study on the Development of Reconfigurable and Lightweight Fixtures(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Laraudogoitia, Ignacio; Ojeda, Ibai; Renderos, Mario; Iriondo, Edurne; de Cortázar, Maider García; Girot, Franck; Manchado del Val, Cristina; Suffo Pino, Miguel; Moreno Sánchez, Daniel; Moreno Nieto, Daniel; Miralbes Buil, Ramón; CIRMETALThis paper presents a case study on the development of reconfigurable and lightweight fixtures for aircraft assembly, which are essential for modernizing and automating tooling fixtures in the aeronautical industry. Our study utilizes generative engineering and other design techniques to optimize performance and meet design objectives. Generative engineering combines parametric and algorithmic design with mathematical optimization, while generative design utilizes algorithmic methods to generate feasible designs based on performance goals, constraints, and design space. To determine the most appropriate optimization tools, we conducted a thorough study of available options and selected the most suitable ones based on available resources. Our newly developed fixtures are flexible and adaptable to various types of aircraft structures, including fuselages and wings, and meet crucial vibration requirements for aircraft assembly operations such as drilling and riveting. The new fixtures are also lightweight and easier to handle, contributing to a reduction in development costs and enhancing production efficiency. This contribution can help to enhance the competitiveness of the Basque aeronautical industry and position it as a key player in the global aviation market. The findings of this study demonstrate the benefits of incorporating generative engineering and novel design techniques into the development of innovative tooling solutions for aircraft assembly.Item Investigation of Thermal-Related Effects in Hot SPIF of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy(2019) Ortiz, Mikel; Penalva, Mariluz; Iriondo, Edurne; López de Lacalle, Luis Norberto; FABRIC_INTELThe present work focuses on a new approach to hot form hard-to-work materials by Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) technology using a global heating of the sheet. A set of trials was carried out in order to identify the optimum temperature cycles to minimize geometric distortions associated to each process stage on the fabrication of parts made of Ti–6Al–4V. On the one hand, heating trials allowed defining the optimal procedure to improve the temperature distribution homogeneity along the sheet and consequently to minimize its thermal distortion previous to the forming stage. On the other hand, the influence of both working temperature and the applied cooling on the geometric accuracy was evaluated by means of SPIF trials. For this purpose, a generic asymmetric design with typical aeronautical features was used. These trials pointed out that high forming temperatures allow reducing significantly the material springback whereas a controlled cooling (with an intermediate stress relief treatment) minimizes both the distortion of the part during the cooling and the mechanical stresses accumulated on the clamping system. Furthermore, the work includes a post-forming material evaluation to determinate the influence of the employed processing conditions on microcracks, alpha-case layer, microstructure and hardness.Item Review of intermediate strain rate testing devices(2020-07) Bhujangrao, Trunal; Froustey, Catherine; Iriondo, Edurne; Veiga, Fernando; Darnis, Philippe; Mata, Franck Girot; Tecnalia Research & InnovationMaterials undergo various loading conditions during different manufacturing processes, including varying strain rates and temperatures. Research has shown that the deformation of metals and alloys during manufacturing processes such as metal forming, machining, and friction stir welding (FSW), can reach a strain rate ranging from 10−1 to 106 s−1 . Hence, studying the flow behavior of materials at different strain rates is important to understanding the material response during manufacturing processes. Experimental data for a low strain rate of <101 s−1 and a high strain rate of >103 s−1 are readily available by using traditional testing devices such as a servo-hydraulic testing machine and the split Hopkinson pressure bar method, respectively. However, for the intermediate strain rate (101 to 103 s−1 ), very few testing devices are available. Testing the intermediate strain rate requires a demanding test regime, in which researchers have expanded the use of special instruments. This review paper describes the development and evolution of the existing intermediate strain rate testing devices. They are divided based on the loading mechanism; it includes the high-speed servo-hydraulic testing machines, hybrid testing apparatus, the drop tower, and the flywheel machine. A general description of the testing device is systematically reviewed; which includes the working principles, some critical theories, technological innovation in load measurement techniques, components of the device, basic technical assumption, and measuring techniques. In addition, some research direction on future implementation and development of an intermediate strain rate apparatus is also discussed in detail.