Browsing by Author "Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús"
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Item Algorithm development for night charging electric vehicles optimization in big data applications(2017) Alvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús; Merino, Julia; Tecnalia Research & InnovationIn this paper a night charging method that optimizes the recharging process of electric vehicles (EVs) depending on hourly energy price in a peer to peer (P2P) energy trading system is presented. This algorithm determines how much energy should be recharged in the battery of each EV and the corresponding time slot to do it, avoiding the discontinuities in the charging process and considering the users’ personal mobility constraints.Item Electrical machines-based multi-disturbance device for testing distribution grid technologies(2018-07) Merino, Julia; Veganzones, Carlos; Alvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús; Tecnalia Research & InnovationThe growth of distributed energy resources in power systems, mainly converter-coupled generators, has forced the evolution of grid codes, increasing the requirements to be fulfilled by the generators before their connection to the mains. Solving this problem is crucial to guarantee the reliability and stability of the power system. Current standards force the generators to remain connected when facing voltage and/or frequency disturbances and, in some advanced grid codes, also when the generators are facing transient phase jumps produced as a consequence of those disturbances. If considering that the increment of the distributed generation is mainly done at a distribution level, it is unrealistic to consider voltage and frequency events as decoupled phenomena in the testing and certification procedures, as it is currently done. The testing device proposed in this paper is able to reproduce voltage, frequency and phase jumps disturbances of a controlled value simultaneously, being able to reproduce the real grid behavior reliably. Its design is based on standard components with a simple control system, which makes it easily replicable and scalable up to the power of the device to be tested. Therefore, the proposed device is an interesting commercially competitive testing equipment suitable for certification.Item Impact of self-consumption and electric vehicle recharging policies on energy communities(2021) Alvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús; Merino, Julia; Castano-Solis, Sandra; Tecnalia Research & InnovationSelf-consumption is a key element to integrate renewable energies and foster consumer participation in the energy sector. To expand it, self-consumption regulation needs to incorporate policies such as shared self-consumption, energy communities, storage and electric vehicles. In this article, an optimization problem for the total cost of an energy community considering different self-consumption and electric vehicle management policies is presented. The problem is applied to a set of electric vehicle usage scenarios with diverse work schedules and daily consumptions. Results show that the involved policies have a greater impact on the community’s energy cost than the usage of the electric vehicles.||El autoconsumo es una herramienta fundamental para integrar energías renovables y fomentar la participación activa de los consumidores en el sector energético. Para ello, la regulación del autoconsumo debe expandirse, incorporando figuras como el autoconsumo compartido, las comunidades energéticas, el almacenamiento y los vehículos eléctricos. En este artículo se presenta un problema de optimización del coste energético de una comunidad que considera diferentes políticas de autoconsumo compartido y gestión del vehículo eléctrico. El problema se aplica a una comunidad de energía compuesta por cinco consumidores domésticos para escenarios de uso del vehículo eléctrico con diferentes horarios de trabajo y consumos diarios. Los resultados muestran que las políticas involucradas tienen mayor impacto en el precio de la comunidad que el uso dado a los vehículos eléctricos.Item Using Dynamic Neural Networks for Battery State of Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles(2018) Jiménez-Bermejo, David; Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús; Castaño-Solis, Sandra; Merino, Julia; Alvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Tecnalia Research & InnovationDue to urban pollution, transport electrification is being currently promoted in different countries. Electric Vehicles (EVs) sales are growing all over the world, but there are still some challenges to be solved before a mass adoption of this type of vehicles occurs. One of the main drawbacks of EVs are their limited range, for that reason an accurate estimation of the state-of-charge (SOC) is required. The main contribution of this work is the design of a Nonlinear Autoregressive with External Input (NARX) artificial neural network to estimate the SOC of an EV using real data extracted from the car during its daily trips. The network is trained using voltage, current and four different battery pack temperatures as input and SOC as output. This network has been tested using 54 different real driving cycles, obtaining highly accurate results, with a mean squared error lower than 1e-6 in all situationsItem Using mobility information to perform a feasibility study and the evaluation of spatio-temporal energy demanded by an electric taxi fleet(2018-02-01) Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús; Castano-Solis, Sandra; Álvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Merino, Julia; Castillo, Ángela; Tecnalia Research & InnovationHalf of the global population already lives in urban areas, facing to the problem of air pollution mainly caused by the transportation system. The recently worsening of urban air quality has a direct impact on the human health. Replacing today’s internal combustion engine vehicles with electric ones in public fleets could provide a deep impact on the air quality in the cities. In this paper, real mobility information is used as decision support for the taxi fleet manager to promote the adoption of electric taxi cabs in the city of San Francisco, USA. Firstly, mobility characteristics and energy requirements of a single taxi are analyzed. Then, the results are generalized to all vehicles from the taxi fleet. An electrificability rate of the taxi fleet is generated, providing information about the number of current trips that could be performed by electric taxis without modifying the current driver mobility patterns. The analysis results reveal that 75.2% of the current taxis could be replaced by electric vehicles, considering a current standard battery capacity (24–30 kWh). This value can increase significantly (to 100%), taking into account the evolution of the price and capacity of the batteries installed in the last models of electric vehicles that are coming to the market. The economic analysis shows that the purchasing costs of an electric taxi are bigger than conventional one. However, fuel, maintenance and repair costs are much lower. Using the expected energy consumption information evaluated in this study, the total spatio-temporal demand of electric energy required to recharge the electric fleet is also calculated, allowing identifying optimal location of charging infrastructure based on realistic routing patterns. This information could also be used by the distribution system operator to identify possible reinforcement actions in the electric grid in order to promote introducing electric vehicles.