Browsing by Author "Feliu, Efren"
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Item Adopting Resilience Thinking through Nature-Based Solutions within Urban Planning: A Case Study in the City of València(2023-05) García-Blanco, Gemma; Navarro, Daniel; Feliu, Efren; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOThe paper exposes the experience of València in applying climate-resilient thinking to the current revision of the city’s General Urban Development Plan. A semi-quantitative, indicator-based risk assessment of heat stress was carried out on the 23 functional areas of the city sectorized by the Plan, including modeling and spatial analysis exercises. A data model of 18 indicators was built to characterize vulnerability. A thermal stress map was developed using the URbCLim model and a heat index was then calculated using Copernicus hourly data (air temperature, humidity, and wind speed) for the period of January 2008–December 2017 at a spatial resolution of 100 m × 100 m. General recommendations at the city level as well as guidelines for development planning in the functional areas at risk are provided, with specifications for the deployment of nature-based solutions as adaptation measures. From a planning perspective, the study positively informs the General Urban Development Plan, the City Green and Biodiversity Plan, and contributes to City Urban Strategy 2030 and City Missions 2030 for climate adaptation and neutrality. Applying the same approach to other climate change-related hazards (i.e., water scarcity, pluvial flooding, sea level rise) will allow better informed decisions towards resilient urban planning.Item Identification and mapping of areas and buildings with high roof greening potential(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Gandini, Alessandra; Navarro, Daniel; Feliu, Efren; LABORATORIO DE TRANSFORMACIÓN URBANA; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOClimate change impacts are threatening sustainability and livability of cities, which are asked to respond from an integral perspective that combines mitigation adaptation through an evidence-based decision making. Nature-based solutions have been recognized as key in addressing environmental, social and economic challenges and benefits and effectiveness have been demonstrated in several studies. Specifically, green roofs have shown potential in urban areas, where space for new green infrastructure is often limited.The methodology described in this paper aims at providing results supporting decision-makers in sustainable development by estimating the potential for green coverage at rooftop identifying the most suitable locations. By the development of a Digital Surface Model based on LiDAR data and combination parameters related to land surface temperature, imperviousness, normalized difference vegetation index cadaster information, the method proposed generates two main results: the maximum green roof potential and the prioritization of green roofs. The application of the method to the city Donosti-San Sebastian is presented.Item Profiling urban vulnerabilities to climate change: An indicator-based vulnerability assessment for European cities(2017-07-01) Tapia, Carlos; Abajo, Beñat; Feliu, Efren; Mendizabal, Maddalen; Martinez, José Antonio; Fernández, J. German; Laburu, Txomin; Lejarazu, Adelaida; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO; CALIDAD Y CONFORT AMBIENTAL; DIGITAL ENERGYGoverning climate change in cities entails a good understanding of urban vulnerabilities. This research presents an Indicator-based Vulnerability Assessment for 571 European cities. Basing on panel data from Urban Audit database and a set of newly developed indicators, we assessed urban vulnerabilities for the following impact chains: (i) heatwaves on human health; (ii) drought on water planning, and; (iii) flooding (sub-divided into pluvial, fluvial and coastal) on the socio-economic tissue and the urban fabric. Results shed light on the key challenges that specific groups of European cities face in order to better deal with the expected impacts of climate change. This knowledge is a necessary step to advance in the understanding of urban risks to climate change and the development of effective EU policies for urban adaptation.Item Stimulating urban transition and transformation to achieve sustainable and resilient cities(2018-10) Mendizabal, Maddalen; Heidrich, Oliver; Feliu, Efren; García-Blanco, Gemma; Mendizabal, Alaitz; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOPolitical decision-makers need to consider the various challenges and opportunities that climate change can bring, and they must take decisions under high uncertainty to achieve resilient cities. Here, we synthesise the push and pull approaches reported in the literature and employed in practice to achieve sustainable and resilient cities. First, we present a literature review which identified the major research fields on transition theories, frameworks and methods that underpin this concept. We analyse the conditions for change, identify enablers or triggers for change at governance level for transitioning a city towards sustainability and resilience. We discuss the theories, frameworks and methods which can be used to address the urban climate change challenge at city level. Second, we present an empirical approach based on stakeholder participation that we conducted to detect the conditions for change. We report on the design and implementation of stakeholder exercises that helped us detecting the conditions for changes. Third, we combine the information obtained from these stakeholder exercises with that extracted from the literature in order to provide a fuller picture on how stimulate the transition and transformation to achieve sustainable and resilient cities. Based on our literature review and empirical approach, we formulate an integrated conceptual model for transition that enables the design of adaptation (and mitigation) strategies that consider the triggers of change. Uniquely we identified 8 triggers of change, including authority and political leadership, learning from disasters, co-responsibility, increased public-private interface, social participation and the living lab approach to innovation. The proposed model can be applied to the whole city or to a certain sector of the city (e.g. energy). We demonstrate that triggers of change help to overcome planning and implementation barriers and move the socio-ecological and socio-technical systems of any city towards those of a resilient city.Item Triggers of change to achieve sustainable, resilient, and adaptive cities(2021-12) Mendizabal, Maddalen; Feliu, Efren; Tapia, Carlos; Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali; Tiwary, Abhishek; Sepúlveda, Joel; Heidrich, Oliver; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOThis paper proposes pathways and triggers of change for city representatives and decision makers to consider for enabling transition to sustainable, resilient and adaptive cities. It investigates a range of triggers of change, including regulatory, structural/operational, behavioural, awareness, and resources. A conceptual framework for identifying the triggers of change is presented that was developed under a participatory process and tested during stakeholder dialogues with representatives from 15 cities in 12 European countries. The framework comprises of the following three steps: 1. Indicator-based vulnerability assessment, conducted to analyse city vulnerability and problem identification; 2. Constructed visions of the underpinning factors; and 3. Backcasting exercise, to detect the triggers of change. Following a prioritisation exercise across our European sample, regional differences and the prominence of the following patterns in supporting triggers of change have been noted. In Mediterranean region main triggers were public decision and political leadership, regulatory framework (including building codes, accountability, pricing, taxation, penalties and incentives) and learning from disasters triggers of change. Whereas in the Southern-Central region, adaptive multi-level governance, horizontal and vertical improved relationships governance were the main triggers of change. These patterns and framework are applicable to other cities, and indeed to other topics (e.g. mitigation, sustainability, etc.) that support implementation on the ground to achieve truly sustainable, resilient and adaptive cities. We acknowledge the challenges in deriving universally applicable triggers of change, however the study identifies eight overarching triggers of change that can facilitate the transformation of cities.Item Will climate mitigation ambitions lead to carbon neutrality? An analysis of the local-level plans of 327 cities in the EU(2021-01) Salvia, Monica; Reckien, Diana; Pietrapertosa, Filomena; Eckersley, Peter; Spyridaki, Niki Artemis; Krook-Riekkola, Anna; Olazabal, Marta; De Gregorio Hurtado, Sonia; Simoes, Sofia G.; Geneletti, Davide; Viguié, Vincent; Fokaides, Paris A.; Ioannou, Byron I.; Flamos, Alexandros; Csete, Maria Szalmane; Buzasi, Attila; Orru, Hans; de Boer, Cheryl; Foley, Aoife; Rižnar, Klavdija; Matosović, Marko; Balzan, Mario V.; Smigaj, Magdalena; Baštáková, Viera; Streberova, Eva; Šel, Nataša Belšak; Coste, Lana; Tardieu, Léa; Altenburg, Corinna; Lorencová, Eliska Krkoška; Orru, Kati; Wejs, Anja; Feliu, Efren; Church, Jon Marco; Grafakos, Stelios; Vasilie, Sergiu; Paspaldzhiev, Ivan; Heidrich, Oliver; ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICOCities across the globe recognise their role in climate mitigation and are acting to reduce carbon emissions. Knowing whether cities set ambitious climate and energy targets is critical for determining their contribution towards the global 1.5 °C target, partly because it helps to identify areas where further action is necessary. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the mitigation targets of 327 European cities, as declared in their local climate plans. The sample encompasses over 25% of the EU population and includes cities of all sizes across all Member States, plus the UK. The study analyses whether the type of plan, city size, membership of climate networks, and its regional location are associated with different levels of mitigation ambition. Results reveal that 78% of the cities have a GHG emissions reduction target. However, with an average target of 47%, European cities are not on track to reach the Paris Agreement: they need to roughly double their ambitions and efforts. Some cities are ambitious, e.g. 25% of our sample (81) aim to reach carbon neutrality, with the earliest target date being 2020.90% of these cities are members of the Climate Alliance and 75% of the Covenant of Mayors. City size is the strongest predictor for carbon neutrality, whilst climate network(s) membership, combining adaptation and mitigation into a single strategy, and local motivation also play a role. The methods, data, results and analysis of this study can serve as a reference and baseline for tracking climate mitigation ambitions across European and global cities.