Browsing by Author "Castano-Solis, Sandra"
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Item Carbon-Free Electricity Generation in Spain with PV–Storage Hybrid Systems(2022-06-29) Fraile Ardanuy, Jesús; Alvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Castano-Solis, Sandra; Merino, Julia; Tecnalia Research & InnovationClimate change motivated by human activities constitutes one of the main challenges of this century. To cut carbon emissions in order to mitigate carbon’s dangerous effects, the current energy generation mix should be shifted to renewable sources. The main drawback of these technologies is their intermittency, which will require energy storage systems to be fully integrated into the generation mix, allowing them to be more controllable. In recent years, great progress to develop an effective and economically feasible energy storage systems, particularly motivated by the recent rise of demand for electric transportation, has been made. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery prices have fallen near 90% over the past decade, making possible the affordability of electric vehicles and transforming the economics of renewable energy. In this work, a study on storage capacity demand previously presented as conference paper is expanded, including a deep analysis of the Spanish generation mix, the evaluation of the energy storage requirements for different low-carbon and carbon-free scenarios in Mainland Spain, and the calculation of the CO2 emissions’ reduction and the associated storage costs.Item Impact of self-consumption and electric vehicle recharging policies on energy communities(2021) Alvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús; Merino, Julia; Castano-Solis, Sandra; Tecnalia Research & InnovationSelf-consumption is a key element to integrate renewable energies and foster consumer participation in the energy sector. To expand it, self-consumption regulation needs to incorporate policies such as shared self-consumption, energy communities, storage and electric vehicles. In this article, an optimization problem for the total cost of an energy community considering different self-consumption and electric vehicle management policies is presented. The problem is applied to a set of electric vehicle usage scenarios with diverse work schedules and daily consumptions. Results show that the involved policies have a greater impact on the community’s energy cost than the usage of the electric vehicles.||El autoconsumo es una herramienta fundamental para integrar energías renovables y fomentar la participación activa de los consumidores en el sector energético. Para ello, la regulación del autoconsumo debe expandirse, incorporando figuras como el autoconsumo compartido, las comunidades energéticas, el almacenamiento y los vehículos eléctricos. En este artículo se presenta un problema de optimización del coste energético de una comunidad que considera diferentes políticas de autoconsumo compartido y gestión del vehículo eléctrico. El problema se aplica a una comunidad de energía compuesta por cinco consumidores domésticos para escenarios de uso del vehículo eléctrico con diferentes horarios de trabajo y consumos diarios. Los resultados muestran que las políticas involucradas tienen mayor impacto en el precio de la comunidad que el uso dado a los vehículos eléctricos.Item Shared Self-Consumption Economic Analysis for a Residential Energy Community(IEEE, 2019-09) Alvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Merino, Julia; Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesus; Castano-Solis, Sandra; Jimenez, David; Tecnalia Research & InnovationSelf-consumption is a growing public demand in an energy environment with growing electricity costs and decreasing photovoltaic installation costs. Shared self-consumption is an imperative aspect for bringing self-consumption into Multi-Family Residential Buildings (MRB), where most families live. Nevertheless, current legislation in most countries does not consider shared self-consumption or does not exploit its full potential; such is the case of Spain or Portugal. This paper will present a novel optimization problem for studying the economics of a shared self-consumption installation in a MRB (composed of five family demands, a PV installation and a battery) with the aim of reducing the total bill of the MRB during an entire year. The impact on energy communities of two different types of energy policies is analysed: the remuneration scheme for the surplus energy (net metering, net billing, and exclusive self-consumption policies) and the regulation for shared self-generated energy (demand-dependent, proportional output and no sharing). It is found that the regulation for the sharing energy can be more important that the remuneration scheme, which has been the traditional target of the self-consumption policy.Item Using mobility information to perform a feasibility study and the evaluation of spatio-temporal energy demanded by an electric taxi fleet(2018-02-01) Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús; Castano-Solis, Sandra; Álvaro-Hermana, Roberto; Merino, Julia; Castillo, Ángela; Tecnalia Research & InnovationHalf of the global population already lives in urban areas, facing to the problem of air pollution mainly caused by the transportation system. The recently worsening of urban air quality has a direct impact on the human health. Replacing today’s internal combustion engine vehicles with electric ones in public fleets could provide a deep impact on the air quality in the cities. In this paper, real mobility information is used as decision support for the taxi fleet manager to promote the adoption of electric taxi cabs in the city of San Francisco, USA. Firstly, mobility characteristics and energy requirements of a single taxi are analyzed. Then, the results are generalized to all vehicles from the taxi fleet. An electrificability rate of the taxi fleet is generated, providing information about the number of current trips that could be performed by electric taxis without modifying the current driver mobility patterns. The analysis results reveal that 75.2% of the current taxis could be replaced by electric vehicles, considering a current standard battery capacity (24–30 kWh). This value can increase significantly (to 100%), taking into account the evolution of the price and capacity of the batteries installed in the last models of electric vehicles that are coming to the market. The economic analysis shows that the purchasing costs of an electric taxi are bigger than conventional one. However, fuel, maintenance and repair costs are much lower. Using the expected energy consumption information evaluated in this study, the total spatio-temporal demand of electric energy required to recharge the electric fleet is also calculated, allowing identifying optimal location of charging infrastructure based on realistic routing patterns. This information could also be used by the distribution system operator to identify possible reinforcement actions in the electric grid in order to promote introducing electric vehicles.