Browsing by Author "Barrio, Aitor"
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Item Determination of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin Content in Different Types of Biomasses by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pseudocomponent Kinetic Model (TGA-PKM Method)(2020-09) Díez, David; Urueña, Ana; Piñero, Raúl; Barrio, Aitor; Tamminen, Tarja; BIOECONOMÍA Y CO2The standard method for determining the biomass composition, in terms of main lignocellulosic fraction (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) contents, is by chemical method; however, it is a slow and expensive methodology, which requires complex techniques and the use of multiple chemical reagents. The main objective of this article is to provide a new efficient, low-cost and fast method for the determination of the main lignocellulosic fraction contents of different types of biomasses from agricultural by-products to softwoods and hardwoods. The method is based on applying deconvolution techniques on the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) pyrolysis curves obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) through a kinetic approach based on a pseudocomponent kinetic model (PKM). As a result, the new method (TGA-PKM) provides additional information regarding the ease of carrying out their degradation in comparison with other biomasses. The results obtained show a good agreement between experimental data from analytical procedures and the TGA-PKM method (±7%). This indicates that the TGA-PKM method can be used to have a good estimation of the content of the main lignocellulosic fractions without the need to carry out complex extraction and purification chemical treatments. In addition, the good quality of the fit obtained between the model and experimental DTG curves (R2Adj = 0.99) allows to obtain the characteristic kinetic parameters of each fraction.Item Fire retardancy of polypropylene composites reinforced with rice husks: From oxygen index measurements and cone calorimetry to large-scale single-burning-item tests: From oxygen index measurements and cone calorimetry to large-scale single-burning-item tests(2018-10-05) Schirp, Arne; Barrio, Aitor; BIOECONOMÍA Y CO2Rice husks containing 12 wt % inorganic silica were incorporated together with halogen‐free fire retardants in a polypropylene matrix and extruded into facade profiles. An increase in the amount of rice husks resulted in an increase in the oxygen index. The cone calorimetry measurements showed that all of the fire retardants tested significantly reduced the peak heat‐release rate (pHRR) and maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) of the formulations and moderately reduced total heat release. The best results in terms of MARHE were achieved for the formulation including 24% melamine‐coated ammonium polyphosphate. pHRR and MARHE were reduced with increasing amount of rice husks. Single‐burning‐item (SBI) tests were performed for the extruded profiles based on rice husks and, for comparison, wood flour. In the best case, a B‐s2, d0 classification was obtained. The results obtained from cone calorimetry and SBI tests were in agreement. Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46654.Item Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of a Novel Bio-Based Multilayer Panel for Construction Applications(2021-09-29) Barrio, Aitor; Francisco, Fernando Burgoa; Leoncini, Andrea; Wietschel, Lars; Thorenz, Andrea; BIOECONOMÍA Y CO2The bioeconomy can be integral to transforming the current economic system into one with reduced environmental and social impacts of material consumption. This work describes a bio-based multi-layer panel that is based on residual coniferous bark. To ensure that the presented bio-based panel positively contributes to environmental protection while remaining competitive with conventional products and meeting high social standards, the development of the panel is accompanied by a life cycle sustainability assessment. This study performs a comparative LCA and LCC of the developed panel to conventional benchmark panels, as well as a qualitative social life cycle assessment. While the panel performs only economically marginally weaker than the benchmarks, the results are more heterogeneous for the environmental dimension with benefits of the bio-based panel in categories such as climate change, acidification, and ozone formation and detriments in categories including eutrophication. The S-LCA analysis shows that all of the involved companies apply social principles in direct proximity; however, social responsibility along the supply chain could be further promoted. All results need to be viewed with the caveat that the manufacturing processes for the new panel have been implemented, to date, on a pilot scale and further improvements need to be achieved in terms of upscaling and optimisation cycles.Item Thermal assessment of ambient pressure dried silica aerogel composite boards at laboratory and field scale(2016-09-15) Garay, Roberto; Goiti, Eunate; Reichenauer, Gudrun; Zhao, Shanyu; Koebel, Matthias; Barrio, Aitor; Garay Martinez, Roberto; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; ECOEFICIENCIA DE PRODUCTOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN; BIOECONOMÍA Y CO2In the context of increasing energy costs and the need for global reduction of CO2 emissions, the development of superinsulation materials for the construction sector allows the design of low-energy buildings. Since still being in an experimental or at early-commercial stage, R&D of these materials focused on its final application is required, to accelerate access to the market for renovation of the building stock where space is a critical metric. In this paper, the experimental assessment of the thermal performance of a novel ambient pressure dried silica aerogel based composite is presented. In order to provide assessments at both, material and system levels, stress-strain tests, hot plate measurements, as well as full scale tests under realistic boundary conditions were conducted. The overall results are that this material provides good insulation properties (thermal conductivity in the range of 0.015–0.018 W/mK), along with sufficient mechanical properties, and allows for the creation of superinsulating assemblies even at small wall thickness.Item VALORISATION OF HYDROLYSIS LIGNIN REST FROM BIOETHANOL PILOT PLANT: PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AND UPSCALING: PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AND UPSCALING(2020-11-15) Svensson, Ingemar; Roncal, Tomás; De Winter, Karel; Van Canneyt, Anoek; Tamminen, Tarja; Mikkelson, Atte; Barrio, Aitor; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; BIOECONOMÍA Y CO2The aim of this work has been to find a scalable process to purify lignin and separate the cellulose-rich fraction from a poplar wood hydrolysis rest produced at a bioethanol pilot-plant. At initial laboratory optimization, a mild extraction of lignin was performed with 1 M NaOH at 90 °C to dissolve the lignin, that was further precipitated with sulfuric acid and this formed an easily filtrable powder. The main sub-product was a solid residue enriched in cellulose, which was successfully saccharified and tested for its fermentability. Further upscaling of the method was done at Bio Based Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP) in Belgium. In a first run 14.2 kg of purified poplar lignin was obtained and in a second run 128.6 kg was obtained. The wet fiber residue was processed by washing and enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain, 26.7 kg of concentrated sugar solution with 509.4 g/L of glucose.