Browsing by Author "Alonso-Vicario, Ainhoa"
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Item Solvent-free synthesis of glycerol carbonate and glycidol from 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and potassium (hydrogen) carbonate(2010-12) Gómez-Jiménez-Aberasturi, Olga; Ochoa-Gómez, José R.; Pesquera-Rodríguez, Amaia; Ramírez-López, Camilo; Alonso-Vicario, Ainhoa; Torrecilla-Soria, Jesús; BIOECONOMÍA Y CO2; Tecnalia Research & Innovation; Centros PRE-FUSION TECNALIA - (FORMER); SGBACKGROUND: An indirect solvent-free synthetic approach for obtaining glycerol carbonate and glycidol from glycerol and CO2 through their more reactive and easily synthesizable derivatives 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (HAL) and potassium (hydrogen) carbonate has been studied. RESULTS: The reaction is fast with source of carbonation and temperature having a strong influence on the results. A yield of 80% glycerol carbonate together with a simultaneous substantial production of glycidol (0.56 mol mol-1 glycerol carbonate) are obtained using K2CO3 as the carbonation source at 80 °C, a reaction time of 30 min and a 3:1 HAL/K2CO3 molar ratio. A lower yield of glycerol carbonate (60%) is obtained from KHCO3 after 50 min with the other experimental conditions remaining unchanged. In this case, glycidol formation is zero or insignificant. Glycerol is also obtained in high yields, although in much lower amounts from KHCO3 (~0.59 mol mol-1 glycerol carbonate independent of operating conditions) than from K2CO3 (0.84-1.1 mol mol-1 glycerol carbonate, depending on experimental conditions). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed synthetic strategy overcomes the currently difficult direct reaction between glycerol and CO2, leading to the simultaneous synthesis of two valuable chemicals: glycerol carbonate and glycidol. However, glycerol is also obtained in substantial amounts thus decreasing the overall yield of the process. Thus, methods for preventing its formation must be developed for industrial feasibility.Item Synthesis of lactic acid by alkaline hydrothermal conversion of glycerol at high glycerol concentration(2010-07-21) Ramírez-López, Camilo A.; Ochoa-Gómez, José R.; Fernández-Santos, María; Gómez-Jiménez-Aberasturi, Olga; Alonso-Vicario, Ainhoa; Torrecilla-Soria, Jesús; BIOECONOMÍA Y CO2; SGThe synthesis of lactic acid by alkaline hydrothermal conversion of glycerol at high glycerol concentrations under autogenous pressure is described. Temperature (250-290 °C), NaOH/glycerol molar ratio (1.1-1.75), glycerol concentration (2.5-3.5 M), and reaction time (30-250 min) have been the variables studied with temperature and NaOH/glycerol molar ratio having the major influence. An 84.5% lactic acid (as sodium lactate) yield is obtained at 280 °C and 90 min with a 2.5 M glycerol concentration and a 1.1 NaOH/glycerol molar ratio. The same yield is obtained starting from crude glycerol from biodiesel production as raw material. Sodium acrylate, oxalate and formate, and sodium carbonate have been identified as the main byproducts with carbonate being the major one. Several conversion routes based on the experimental results are proposed. A process for lactic acid separation based on electrodialysis is outlined.