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dc.contributor.authorRamiro-Castro, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz, Mikel
dc.contributor.authorAlberdi, Amaia
dc.contributor.authorLamikiz, Aitzol
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-29T14:53:50Z
dc.date.available2020-04-29T14:53:50Z
dc.date.issued2020-04
dc.identifier.citationRamiro-Castro, P.; Ortiz, M.; Alberdi, A.; Lamikiz, A. Effects of Gravity and Non-Perpendicularity during Powder-Fed Directed Energy Deposition of Ni-Based Alloy 718 through Two Types of Coaxial Nozzle. Metals 2020, 10, 560.en
dc.identifier.issn2075-4701en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11556/912
dc.description.abstractThe consequences of gravity and the nozzle inclination angle in the powder-fed Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process were examined in this study. We also sought to define guidelines and manufacturing strategies, depending on the DED system configuration and the nozzle type. To do so, two nozzle types were used: a continuous coaxial nozzle with a slit of 0.5 mm and a four-stream discrete coaxial nozzle. Although the main effects of the configurations and the nozzles are well-known, their effects on the clad characteristics and the deposition strategy are as yet unclear. In this paper, measurements of a single clad and the effects of different deposition strategies on cladding applications and inclined walls are presented, and the consequences for manufacturing processes are discussed. Based on a complete study of a single clad, working vertically, five different tilted deposition strategies were applied: three to a single clad and two to an inclined wall. The results for both the single clad and the inclined wall reflect a pattern of changes to height, width, area, and efficiency, at both small and large nozzle angles and deposition strategies. The inclined wall presents a maximum horizontal displacement that can be reached per layer, without geometrical distortions. The amount of material per layer has to be adapted to this limitation.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the European Commission through the project "PARADDISE: a Productive, Affordable and Reliable solution for large scale manufacturing of metallic components by combining laser-based Additive and Subtractive processes with high Efficiency” (Grant Agreement 723440), an initiative of the Public–Private Partnership “Photonics and Factories of the Future”. This research was also funded by European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT), through the project "DEDALUS: Directed Energy Deposition machines with integrated process ALgorithms Under dedicated monitoring and control System” (ID 20094), and by the vice-counseling of technology, innovation and competitiveness of the Basque Government (Eusko Jaurlaritza), under the ELKARTEK Program, PROCODA project, grant number KK-2019/00004.en
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)en
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.titleEffects of Gravity and Non-Perpendicularity during Powder-Fed Directed Energy Deposition of Ni-Based Alloy 718 through Two Types of Coaxial Nozzleen
dc.typejournal articleen
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/met10050560en
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/723440/EU/A Productive, Affordable and Reliable solution for large scale manufacturing of metallic components by combining laser-based ADDItive and Subtractive processes with high Efficiency/PARADDISEen
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accessen
dc.subject.keywordsDirected Energy Depositionen
dc.subject.keywordsContinuous nozzleen
dc.subject.keywordsDiscrete nozzleen
dc.subject.keywordsGravity effecten
dc.subject.keywordsTilting effecten
dc.subject.keywordsPowderen
dc.subject.keywordsAlloy 718en
dc.issue.number5en
dc.journal.titleMetalsen
dc.page.initial560en
dc.volume.number10en


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