Producing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Review of Sustainable Sources and Future Trends for the EPA and DHA Market
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2020-12-16
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
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Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFA) are recognized as being essential
compounds for human nutrition and health. The human body generates only low levels of Omega-3
PUFA. Conventional sources of Omega-3 PUFA are from marine origin. However, the global growth
of population combined with a better consumer understanding about healthy nutrition leads to
the fact that traditional sources are exhausted and therefore not enough to satisfy the demand of
Omega-3 PUFA for human diet as well as aquaculture. Microalgae cultivated under heterotrophic
conditions is increasingly recognized as a suitable technology for the production of the Omega-3
PUFA. The high cost of using glucose as main carbon source for cultivation is the main challenge to
establish economical feasible production processes. The latest relevant studies provide alternative
pathways for Omega-3 PUFA production. As preliminary results show, volatile fatty acids (VFA)
recovered from waste stream could be a good alternative to the use of glucose as carbon source in
microalgae cultivation. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the actual situation of Omega-3
PUFA production, sources and market request to provide a summary on sustainable sources that are
being investigated as well as present and future market trends in Omega-3 market.
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Oliver, Laura, Thomas Dietrich, Izaskun Marañón, Maria Carmen Villarán, and Ramón J. Barrio. “Producing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Review of Sustainable Sources and Future Trends for the EPA and DHA Market.” Resources 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 148. doi:10.3390/resources9120148.